摘 要

我的课题是固定管板式换热器的设计。近年来对换热器的市场需求越来越多，固定管板式换热器作为一种简单高效的换热器，大量使用在许多工业中。该种设备利用两种具有一定温差的液体介质实现热交换，我设计的换热器要求是以水和水蒸气为介质的，壳程和管程的工作压力分别为0.5和0.6MPa。由此可以确定物料的物性参数，然后工艺计算，最后在依据计算数据对换热器进行选型和校验，我的设计思路大体是这样的。根据实际要求选择自己需要的结构类型，可以按照自己想的去设计，所以希望能够在国家标准的条件下，设计出一个更先进，更优质的换热器。另外本次设计还需要满足以下3个要求：工艺操作的要求，安全要求和性价比的要求。

对于同一种形式的换热器，由于作业情况不同，往往采用不同的结构。所以在设计时，须按其特定的条件进行分析设计，来满足工艺的需要。

关键词：换热器 固定管板 工艺

The design of fixed tube plate heat exchanger

Abstract

My topic is fixed tube plate heat exchanger design. More and more in recent years, the market demand for the heat exchanger, fixed tube plate heat exchanger as a simple and efficient heat exchanger, a lot of use in many industries. Such equipment using two kinds of liquid medium of a certain temperature for heat exchange, I design of heat exchanger is water and water vapor as medium, pressure of shell side and tube side were 0.5 and 0.6 MPa. The material physical parameters can be determined, and then process calculation, finally in the selection of heat exchanger according to the calculated data and validation, I design train of thought in general is like this. According to actual requirements need to choose their structure types, can according to what they want to design, so want to be able to under the condition of national standard, design a more advanced, more excellent heat exchanger. This design also need to meet the requirements of the following three: the requirement of process operation, safe and cost-effective requirements.

For the same kind of heat exchanger, because the job is different, often with different structure. So, when the design must according to its specific conditions for analysis and design, to meet the needs of the process.

Keywords: heat exchanger；fixed tube sheet heat； technology

目录

摘要..............................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT......................................................Ⅱ

第一章引言

1.1研究的目的和意义..............................................1

1.2国内外研究的现状..............................................1

1.3研究思路，方法和要求..........................................1

第二章换热器工艺设计

2.1初始数据的确定................................................2

2.1.1设计参数.................................................2

2.1.2定性温度及物性参数.......................................2

2.2工艺计算......................................................3

2.2.1传热量与流量计算.........................................3

2.2.2有效平均温差计算.........................................3

2.2.3管程换热系数.............................................4

2.3初步设计结构和计算............................................4

2.3.1换热管和折流板的确定.....................................4

2.3.2壳程换热系数的计算.......................................5

2.3.3传热系数的计算...........................................6

2.3.4管壁的温度计算 ..........................................7

2.4压降的核算 ...................................................7

2.4.1管程压降计算及其校核.....................................8

2.4.2壳程压降计算及其校核.....................................9

第三章换热器结构设计计算及校核

3.1换热管.......................................................10

3.2筒体.........................................................10

3.2.1筒体尺寸的确定..........................................10

3.2.2筒体的压力校核..........................................11

3.2.3筒体的水压试验..........................................11

3.4封头.........................................................12

3.5管箱.........................................................12

3.5.1管箱的材料和尺寸的确定..................................12

3.5.2管箱的压力校核..........................................13

3.5.3管箱的水压试验..........................................13

3.7容器法兰的选择...............................................14

3.8管板.........................................................15

3.8.1管板尺寸的确定..........................................15

3.8.2管板的校核..............................................16

3.9各管孔接管及法兰的选择.......................................17

3.9.1管程接管法兰的选择......................................17

3.9.2壳程接管法兰的选择......................................18

3.9.3平衡气口和排气孔法兰的选择..............................19

3.10开孔补强的计算..............................................20

3.11防冲板......................................................22

3.12折流板......................................................22

3.13支座........................................................23

3.11.1支座的选择.............................................23

3.11.2支座的校核计算.........................................24

3.14设计结果统计................................................28

总结.............................................................29

参考文献.........................................................30

致谢..............................................................32

第一章 引言

1.1研究的目的和意义

换热器是化学工业和石油工业等生产过程中最重要的设备之一，所以换热器的发展前景非常广阔。提高换热器的传热性能，能使资源再利用，不仅保护了环境，还使工业生产高效化。尤其21世纪以来，资源危机，对换热器的要求越来越高，投资占比也越来越高。本次设计的目的就是要降低换热器的制造成本，提高其生产效率，实现操作最佳化。

目前，在换热设备中，管壳式换热器的使用量最大。因此对其进行研究具有重大的意义。