异丁酸盐废水的“盐析-蒸馏”净化工艺研究毕业论文
2020-06-17 21:32:41
摘 要
在十二碳醇酯的生产过程会产生大量的含异丁酸盐的废水,且废水中异丁酸钠或异丁酸钙的质量分数达到5~35%。但是废水中还含有少量异丁醛和醇酯十二等物质,采用常规的生化法处理难度大,本文将讨论利用盐析法对废水进行净化的相关内容。本课题将对温度、盐浓度、异丁酸浓度三者对于盐析效果的影响程度进行探究。由于本课题仍停留在理论阶段,故仅自己配置一定浓度的异丁酸的水溶液来进行实验,而不采用实际的废水。通过对比各组实验的盐析率,发现以下三个结论:首先,盐浓度对于盐析效果的影响占据着主导的地位,随着盐浓度的提高盐析率提高,并且这种盐析率增大的趋势随着浓度的提高而降低;其次,温度对于盐析效果的影响相较于盐浓度并不明显,特别在盐浓度较高的情况下尤为突出;最后,在盐浓度和温度相同的情况下,随着异丁酸浓度的升高盐析的效果会越加明显,但是随着盐浓度的增大这种差距会减小。本文利用40℃所测的实验数据,建立了盐析率与盐浓度、异丁酸浓度的模型。通过已知的异丁酸浓度可以确定参数a和b,然后利用已知的盐浓度就可以预测相应的盐析率。本文还讨论了异丁酸水溶液COD值与异丁酸质量分数的关系,并对两者的关系进行量化操作,获得了标准曲线。这条标准曲线的意义在于,反映异丁酸的质量分数和其测得的COD值的定量关系,同时这条标准曲线可以消除实验过程一些不可避免的误差。文章的最后部分对于盐析常数K进行可量化计算以及对于结果进行了有限的分析。盐析常数K作为反映体系盐析特性的参数,对于体系盐析的难易程度进行了量化的表示。课题最后对于异丁酸-水-硫酸钠体系的盐析常数计算结果为0.5547。
关键词:盐析 盐析常数 异丁酸 含盐废水
The Purification Process of Containing Isobutyrate Waste water by"Salting - Distillation"
ABSTRACT
In the production process of dodecanol ester will produce a large number of isobutyrate containing waste water, and of which sodium isobutyrate or calcium isobutyrate content of 5% to 35%.But the waste water also contains a small amount of isobutyraldehyde and dodecanol ester and other substances, and the use of conventional biochemical treatment is difficult, so this paper will discuss the use of salting-out of waste water purification related content.In this paper, the effects of temperature, salt concentration and isobutyric acid concentration on the salting-out effect were discussed. As the subject still remain in the theoretical stage, so only their own configuration of a certain concentration of isobutyric acid aqueous solution to carry out experiments, rather than the actual use of waste water.By comparing the salting-out rates of each group, the following three conclusions were found: First, the effect of salt concentration on the salting-out effect was dominant, and the salting-out rateswas increased with the increase of salt concentration; the effect of temperature on the salting-out effect is not obvious compared with the salt concentration, especially in the case of high salt concentration; finally, when the salt concentration and the temperature are the same, the effect of salting out will become more pronounced as the concentration of isobutyric acid increases, but the gap will decrease as the salt concentration increases. In this paper, the model reflecting the relationship between salting-out rates and salt concentration as well as isobutyric acid concentration was established by using the experimental data at 40℃. The parameters a and b can be determined by the known isobutyric acid concentration, and the corresponding salting-out rates can be predicted using the known salt concentration.This paper also discussed the relationship between the COD value of isobutyric acid aqueous solution and the mass fraction of isobutyric acid, and quantified the relationship between the two, and obtained the standard curve. The significance of this standard curve is to reflect the quantitative relationship between the mass fraction of isobutyric acid and its measured COD value, and this standard curve can eliminate some unavoidable errors in the experimental process. The final part of the article performs a quantifiable calculation of the salting-out constant K and a limited analysis of the results. Salting constant K as a parameter to reflect the salting-out characteristics of the system, the degree of difficulty in the salting-out of the system was quantified. The final results of the salting-out constant for the isobutyric acid-water-sodium sulfate system are 0.5547.
Key Words: Salting out ; salting - out constant; isobutyric acid; salt waste water
目录
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目录 I
第一章 绪论 1
1.1概述 1
1.1.1课题研究背景 1
1.1.2异丁酸来源 1
1.1.3异丁酸理化性质 1
1.2目前常用的含盐废水的处理方法简介 2
1.3.1热浓缩技术 2
1.3.2电化学处理工艺 2
1.3.3生物法 3
1.4盐析工艺简介 3
1.4.1静电作用理论 4
1.4.2范德华理论 4
1.4.3定标粒子理论 5
1.5盐效应的应用 5
1.5.1盐效应在蒸馏(精馏)分离方面的应用 6
1.5.2盐效应在液-液分离中的应用 6
1.5.3盐效应在生物化工中的应用 7
1.6COD检测原理 7
第二章 实验部分 8
2.1实验原理 8
2.2实验试剂和仪器 8
2.3实验过程 9
2.3.1异丁酸浓度与其COD关系的标准曲线测定与绘制 9
2.3.2盐浓度对盐析效果的影响 9
2.3.3酸浓度对盐析效果的影响 11
2.3.4温度对盐析效果的影响 12
第三章 结果和讨论 13
3.1异丁酸水溶液COD值与异丁酸质量分数的关系 13
3.1.1理论推论 13
3.1.2实验结果和拟合结果 16
3.2盐浓度以及异丁酸浓度对盐析效果的影响 17
3.3温度对于盐析效果的影响 22
3.4盐析常数K的计算以及分析 24
第四章 展望 27
参考文献 28
致谢 30
第一章 绪论
1.1概述
1.1.1课题研究背景
进入21世纪,环保和节能减排已成为人们热议的话题。其中,处理高含盐废水已经成为环保方面的一个急需解决的难关。所谓高含盐废水就是含有有机物和总溶解固体TDS的质量分数大于3.5%的废水[1]。从定义上看,此类高含盐废水有着成分极其复杂、污染物含量高等特性,但是同时这也意味着其回收和利用价值高。因此,这类高含盐废水必须经过一系列的处理并且达到排放标准之后才能排放,同时我们应该尽可能的将里面的有价值的物质分离出来加以循环使用。
如果不经除盐过程,而直接将此类高含盐废水进行再次利用或排放,会造成设备、管道堵塞,加速设备、管道腐蚀,会导致土壤的盐碱化等。根据 GB31570- 2015标准中相关要求,化工企业应该将高含盐废水单独收集和单独处理,以满足环保达标和提质排放的有关要求[2]。总的来说,增强高含盐废水的处理能力有利于降低新鲜水资源的消耗、减少水资源的浪费、提高化工厂的效益,同时在环保方面,可以减少废水的排放、降低环境污染的程度、符合提倡环保和节能减排的趋势。
1.1.2异丁酸来源
由于十二碳醇酯的优良性能,其近年来受到研究者的广泛关注,生产工艺得到了较大的进步。异丁酸和异丁酸钠均为十二碳醇酯的生产过程的主要副产物,且废水中异丁酸钠或异丁酸钙的质量分数达到5~35%,同时废水中也存在少量异丁醛和醇酯十二,无法采用常规的生化法处理,废水处理难度很大。但是,在其生产过程中,异丁酸和异丁酸盐这两种副产物的生成仍无法避免[3]。
1.1.3异丁酸理化性质
异丁酸在常温常压下是一种无色油状液体,具奶油、干酪般的刺激性气味。这是一种常见的酸,可以溶于乙醇、氯仿等有机溶剂。其英文名为Iso-butyric acid,分子式C4H8O2,分子量88.11。
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