摘 要

语音是人类交流信息的基本手段，近年来许多学者持续不断地对语音信号处理技术进行了研究，取得了大量的研究成果。如今大数据时代随着信息科学技术的飞速发展，另一项核心语音技术声源定位也逐渐引起更多学者的关注和研究，随着理论研究的不断成熟与完善，声源定位的硬件系统也已经被设计成功，可以说如今声源定位技术学术思想丰富多彩，研究开发成果累累，并且陆续地推向实际应用。

基于麦克风阵列是声音定位系统的一项基本的研究方法，近年来随着定位算法的不断提出和抗干扰能力的不断加强，基于麦克风阵列的声源定位系统被广泛的应用于生活、医疗、工业和军事领域，发挥着不可替代的重要作用。

本文将就搭建声源定位系统硬件电路进行详细描述，且本文利用TDOA（基于到达时间差）算法作为定位位置坐标的基本算法，实现1m*1m区域内发声物体的坐标检测显示。通过对定位系统的大量数据测试，测试结果表明，该系统硬件性能合格，原理简单，算法简洁计算量小，可用于单声源的实时定位系统。

本次设计的研究内容和成果有：

1. 完成了发声物体的声音采集接收电路，经过放大、比较对声音信号进行处理，设置阈值达到单片机可识别级别。
2. 基于Cortex-M3核心的开发板设计声音采集接收程序，将采集得到的发声信号作为中断触发信号，利用中断触发信号控制定时器得到时延。
3. 利用Matlab进行基于TDOA定位算法的仿真验算，在开发板中编写定位算法实现最终定位功能并在TFT液晶屏上显示。

关键词：声源定位 麦克风阵列 TDOA算法 Cortex-M3 中断触发

Research and Implementation of Single Source Localization Algorithm Based on TDOA

Abstract

Speech is the basic means for humans to exchange information. The four major branches of speech signal processing technology—speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech coding, and speaker recognition—are all thriving and have made significant progress. Nowadays, with the rapid growth of information science and technology, the positioning of another core voice technology has gradually attracted the attention and research of more scholars. As the theoretical research continues to mature and improve, the sound source localization hardware system has also been designed. Successfully, we can say that today's sound source positioning technology is rich in academic ideas, research and development achievements are numerous, and it has been gradually applied to practical applications.

Based on the microphone array is a basic research method of the sound localization system. In recent years, as the positioning algorithm is continuously proposed and the anti-interference ability is continuously enhanced, the sound source localization system based on the microphone array is widely used in the life, medical, and industrial industries. In the military field, it plays an irreplaceable and important role.

This article will describe the hardware circuit of the sound source localization system in detail. In this paper, we use the basic algorithm of the TDOA (Location Time Difference) algorithm to locate the position coordinates, and realize the coordinate detection and display of sound objects in the region of 1m*1m. Through a large number of data tests on the positioning system, the test results show that the system hardware performance is qualified, the principle is simple, the algorithm is simple and the calculation is small, and it can be used for a single sound source real-time positioning system.

The research content and results of this design include:

1. The sound collection and receiving circuit of the sounding object is completed, the sound signal is processed through amplification, filtering and comparison, and the threshold value is set to the MCU recognizable level.

2. Based on the Cortex-M3 core development board, a sound collection and receiving program is designed, and the collected utterance signal is used as an interrupt trigger signal, and an interrupt trigger signal is used to control the delay of the timer.

3. Use Matlab to perform simulation verification based on the TDOA positioning algorithm. Write the positioning algorithm in the development board to achieve the final positioning function and display it on the TFT LCD screen.

Keywords: sound source localization microphone array TDOA algorithm Cortex-M3 interrupt trigger

目录

基于TDOA的单声源定位算法研究和实现 I

摘要 I

Research and Implementation of Single Source Localization Algorithm Based on TDOA II

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 单声源定位系统研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 3

1.3 本论文研究内容和论文结构 4

第二章 声源定位算法研究 6

2.1 声源定位算法概述 6

2.2 基于到达时间差的定位算法 7

2.3 基于到达时间差算法的MATLAB 仿真 9

第三章 总体设计方案 14

3.1 基于TDOA的单声源定位系统整体结构 14

3.1.1 麦克风阵列 14

3.1.2 单片机接收原理 15

3.1.3 声源定位算法和显示模块 15

3.2 STM32最小系统电路 16

3.2.1 电源电路 16

3.2.2 晶振电路 17

3.2.3 复位电路 17

3.3 音频放大与时间测量电路 18

3.3.1 音频放大与比较电路 18

3.3.2 中断模块 19

3.3.3 STM32定时模块 20

3.4 液晶显示电路 20

第四章 单声源定位系统软件设计 22

4.1 KEIL 5软件开发环境 22

4.2 主函数程序设计 22

4.3 中断程序设计 24

4.4 定时程序设计 25

第五章 单声源定位系统测试 27

5.1 硬件电路成品测试 27

5.2 测试数据 28

5.3 结论与展望 31

参考文献 33

致谢 34

第一章 绪论

1.1 单声源定位系统研究背景和意义

首先，需要声明声源定位系统是顺应时代和科技的发展潮流而应运而生的一项高科技研究项目，其研究涉及一系列前沿课题，比如数字信号处理、模拟电路、语音学、计算机科学、认知科学和智能信息处理等学科。近年来声源定位是发展非常迅速的信息科学研究领域中的一个，取得了大量成果，在理论与学术研究上取得长足发展，这些主要得益于两个方面。

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