摘 要

建筑市场带动了我国经济快速发展，与此同时，许多其他相关行业也随之发展起来，大量的工作岗位也随之产生。但建设工程与社会公共利益关系重大，且涉及的法律法规复杂庞多，而且建筑市场竞争激烈和利润又非常大，导致许多建筑企业可能会在工程报批、招标投标、签订工程合同和履行等相关环节进行违法操作，比如没有资质的承包、转包、挂靠、违法分包等，这些行为不仅会引发大量合同纠纷，并且会导致在实务中针对各种违法行为对合同效力什么样的影响，成为建设工程合同纠纷中不可回避的问题。

施工资质性质的判别，是实践中建设工程施工合同是否有效的关键，而且在施工企业违反施工资质签订建筑工程施工合同并且产生纠纷后，司法机关更快、更精准的进行处理。本文将从施工资质的含义、性质出发，对施工资质进行简单的理论分析，然后在强制性规定等相关理论基础下，并结合《中华人民共和国建筑法》有关施工资质强制性规定，分析其为效力性规定还是管理性规定。然后会就常见施工企业违反施工资质规定，签署建设工程施工合同产生的一系列矛盾，进行简单的剖析论证，最后还会结合发达国家先进管理制度，提出相关建议。

关键词：施工资质 强制性规定 合同效力

An Empirical Study on the Validity and Management Norm of Architectural Construction——Taking construction qualification as an example

Abstract

The construction market has driven the rapid development of China's economy. At the same time, many other related industries have also developed, and a large number of jobs have also been created. However, the construction project has a significant relationship with the public interests, and the laws and regulations involved are complex, and the construction market is highly competitive and the profits are very large. As a result, many construction companies may be involved in engineering approval, tendering and bidding, signing engineering contracts and fulfillment, etc. The illegal operation of links, such as unqualified contracting, subcontracting, affiliation, illegal subcontracting, etc., will not only lead to a large number of contractual disputes, but also lead to the impact of various illegal actions on the effectiveness of contracts in practice. The unavoidable problem in the construction project contract dispute.

The identification of the nature of construction qualifications is the key to the effectiveness of the construction project construction contract in practice. Moreover, after the construction company has concluded the construction project construction contract in violation of the construction qualification and has caused a dispute, the judicial authority will handle it more quickly and accurately. This article will proceed from the connotation and nature of construction qualifications and conduct a simple theoretical analysis of construction qualifications. Then, under the relevant theoretical foundations such as mandatory regulations, and in combination with the mandatory requirements for construction qualifications in the “Building Law”, it will be analyzed as a validity provision. Is also a regulatory requirement. Then, a series of contradictions arising from the construction project construction contract will be signed for common construction companies that violate the construction qualification regulations, and simple analysis and argumentation will be carried out. Finally, the advanced management systems of developed countries will be combined to make relevant recommendations.

Key words:Construction Qualification;Mandatory Provisions;Contract Effectiveness

目 录

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

一、建设工程施工资质相关概念及性质辨析 1

（一）建设施工资质的法律概念 1

（二）建设施工资质的性质 1

1、施工资质与法人的民事权利能力 1

2、施工资质与法人的民事行为能力 2

3、施工资质与法人的经营范围 3

4、施工资质属于强制性规范 3

二、施工资质对建设施工合同效力的影响 4

（一）施工资质属效力性规范或管理性规范辨析 4

1、效力性规范与管理性规范界定 4

2、施工资质是效力性规范还是管理性规范 5

（二）违反施工资质的类型以及对合同效力的影响 6

1、未取得施工资质 6

2、超越施工资质 6

3、借用施工资质 7

（三）施工资质导致合同纠纷的实证分析 7

1、盐城市华为照明工程有限公司、江苏建兴建工集团有限公司建设工程施工合同纠纷案 7

2、鞍山大府建设工程有限公司与张福成建设工程合同纠纷案 8

3、吴康明、吴川市张炎纪念中学建设工程合同纠纷案 8

4、总结分析 8

（四）法律后果 9

1、工程计价款结算 9

2、损害赔偿 10

3、行政、刑事制裁 10

三、建筑工程施工资质制度之完善 11

（一）存在弊端 11

（二）完善构想 11

1、取消施工资质等级制度 12

2、完善工程担保制度和保险制度 12

3、加大违法行为查处力度 12

结 语 14

参考文献 15

致谢 17

一、建设工程施工资质相关概念及性质辨析

为了了解施工资质对建筑工程施工合同产生什么样的影响，首先要知道施工资质是什么。那么本章从施工资质的概念及性质出发，结合建筑企业的民事能力及经营状况，对施工资质的做一个简单的分析。

（一）建设施工资质的法律概念