1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

In the aspect of diet culture, domestic and overseas scholars have done some researches about it. In China, there are many works such as Chinese and Foreign Diet Culture written by Kui Jingqiu. This book expounds almost all aspects of the Chinese diet culture, details the diet culture in many other countries in the world and shows us some content about Chinese and western diet culture. The book called Chopsticks, Knife and Fork deeply analyzes Chinese and western food culture from the perspective of cross-cultural communication, and puts forward the development direction in the future of China's food industry. PangYi and Wang Jingwu's Food and Culture introduces Chinese cooking in detail, and describes the myths and legends, religious beliefs, cultural celebrities, and literatures related to diet. Zhao Gongqun’s Diet Culture in the World mainly talks about food culture and customs of various countries in the world. It additionally introduces some different diet cultures in various countries. Much Depends on Dinner and The Rituals of Dinner written by Margaret Visa are the famous English essays about diet culture. The author tells the story of table manners in America. Adler Davis’s Let’s Eat Right to Keep Fit introduces knowledge about diet in a vivid and fluent language, which is a good guide to nutrition and science. She appeals us to attach importance to nutrients in order to maintain health and prevent disease. Her ideas in the book have deep influence on the concept of current scientific nutrition.

These literatures introduce the content of Chinese and western diet culture. There is a wide range of works about Chinese diet culture, including history, religion and mythology. However, compared to China, western works related to diet are less, and most of them involve western dietary situation, table manners or the food’s nutrition and science, but rarely discuss about history and form of the Western diet culture. There are lots of studies on the Chinese food culture, but few of them are compared with the western diet culture detailed. These books stand on Chinese point of view mainly, which are not objective enough. Being different from the above studies, this paper would start from the characteristics of two kinds of tableware and analyzes the reasons why China and the west form different tableware from three aspects: the geographical environment, religion and concept of diet, then discusses the difference between the two kinds of diet culture. Analyzing the two different diet cultures can provide better understanding about the specific content of other culture to Chinese and westerners and reduce conflicts in intercultural communication. It can also promotes further exchange and fusion of Chinese and western cultures.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

This paper systematic discusses the differences between Chinese and Western diet culture, putting forward that the two diet cultures just have differences but cannot be defined as good or bad. It is an important part of culture, and can be regarded as a kind of cultural concentration. Chinese geographical environment and religious culture lead to the development of agricultural civilization. As a result Chinese daily diet structure mainly consists of plant food. In the concept of diet, the Chinese are deeply influenced by Confucianism and create a gentle and implicative traditional culture which is a kind of introverted culture. Therefore, in China's long history, the Chinese people have formed the habit of using chopsticks. Two wooden sticks are used together with each other, and also on behalf of the Chinese harmonious concept. This thought of the unity of nature and man is a comprehensive way of thinking. So the tendency of Chinese tableware is presented to be simplified with comprehensive functions. Only using a pair of chopsticks, Chinese can complete all the eating actions. By contrast, the developed animal husbandry results in radical culture of eating meat as staple in the west. This tough solid tableware, like the knife and fork, is more suitable for the idea of conquering nature in the west. Knife and fork cut meat into small pieces, and vegetables and meats are separated in one dish. It shows the western analytical way of thinking that objects should be split into pieces for independent analysis. The development of western tableware can also reflect this point. It tends to be complicated, so each of the different food has its special tableware.

Chinese and Western food cultures show great differences in food selection, dining habits, tableware, table manners and concepts of diet. These differences are mutually influenced by national history, geography, religion, philosophy and other factors. In the course of human progress, the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries has been an ongoing activity. With the development of cultural globalization, the communication, complementation and compatibility of Chinese and western diet culture are becoming increased. Therefore, the diet of various countries is constantly updated to adapt to the tastes of more people from different countries.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 20^th april : submission of the first draft

before 24^th may : revision of the draft

before 29^th may : submission of the final version

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1] buckle，h．t．history of civilization in england[m]. london：grant richards，2006．

[2] post，e．etiquette：the definitive guide to manners[m]．new york：harper collins，2004．

[3] drachenfels，v．s．the art of the table：a complete guide to table setting, table manners and tableware[m/ol]．http：// www. foodreference. com/html/art-of-table．html, 2016．