摘 要

在我们的日常生活中，超市无处不在，也是我们采购食品、日用品的必要场所，可以说没有超市，生活就会变得很不方便，因此超市也成了人们常去的场所。

但是，超市内的商品繁多，想要保证顾客能够顺利地完成购物，商品的布局就显得尤为重要。合适的超市布局，能够引导顾客迅速找到他们想要买的物品，并迅速结账，从而完成购物，为每个顾客都省下一段时间，就能在整体上提高超市的运作效率，从侧面增加超市的营业额。

在现阶段，随着淘宝、天猫、京东等大型网商的兴起，不少人选择了更为便捷的网购，在网商的竞争下，超市在人们生活中的地位有所下降，因此提高效率、改善营业额成为了当务之急，超市需要通过改善自身的布局为顾客提供便利。

本文从对大小超市的布局入手，首先进行实地勘察，对超市的布局进行学习和研究，在掌握了超市的布局规律后，绘制布局平面图，形成一个初步概念。

其次，在掌握现有资料之后，利用网络资源，在网上搜寻有关布局的经验和资料，从理论知识出发，对超市的布局进行初步分析。再往后，查阅有关防火灾安全知识和火灾疏散知识，从这两个方面入手，对超市安全布局进行分析与评估，并在此基础上，对超市的布局进行改善。

因此，本文将从以上几点出发，进行研究，从而得出以下结论。通过对超市防火灾布局和火灾疏散路线的分析，可以看出小型超市由于空间有限，在预防火灾的方面上做的还不足；相比之下，大型商场在对火灾的预防工作上还是做了一定的研究和准备的，商品的布局较为合理，但火灾发生时，疏散路线还缺乏进一步的考虑。对于小型超市来说，在改变商品布局的同时，也需要增设消防设施来减小火灾带来损失；而对于大型商场来说，需要加大对逃生路线的重视，在增设逃生通道的同时，最好能在地面上标注醒目的当前路段最优的逃生路线，以便于顾客在火灾发生时更加理智地撤离。

本文的研究将为今后类似的超市防火灾布局和火灾疏散安全布局的规划提供一定的基础与参考。

关键词：超市布局，易燃易爆，火灾疏散，小型超市，大型商场

ABSTRACT

In our daily life, supermarkets are everywhere. It is also a necessary place for us to purchase food and daily necessities. It can be said that without a supermarket, life becomes very inconvenient, so supermarkets have become a place frequented by people.

However, there are so many products in the supermarket, and it is particularly important to ensure that customers can complete the shopping smoothly. The proper supermarket layout can guide customers to quickly find the items they want to buy, and quickly checkout, thus completing the shopping, saving each customer for a period of time, can improve the operation efficiency of the supermarket as a whole, and increase the supermarket from the side. Turnover.

At this stage, with the rise of large-scale Internet merchants such as Taobao, Tmall, and Jingdong, many people have chosen more convenient online shopping. Under the competition of online merchants, the status of supermarkets in people's lives has declined, so improve Efficiency and improved turnover have become a top priority, and supermarkets need to improve their own layout to provide convenience to customers.

This article starts with the layout of large and small supermarkets, first conducts on-the-spot investigation, learns and studies the layout of supermarkets, and after mastering the layout rules of supermarkets, draws a layout plan to form a preliminary concept.

Secondly, after mastering the existing data, using the network resources, searching for the experience and information about the layout on the Internet, starting from the theoretical knowledge, the preliminary analysis of the layout of the supermarket. Further, review the knowledge about fire safety and fire evacuation, and start from these two aspects to analyze and evaluate the safety layout of the supermarket, and on this basis, improve the layout of the supermarket.

Therefore, this article will proceed from the above points and conduct research to arrive at the following conclusions. For small supermarkets, while changing the layout of goods, it is also necessary to add fire-fighting facilities to reduce the loss caused by fires. For large-scale shopping malls, it is necessary to increase the emphasis on escape routes, while adding escape routes, the most It is good to mark the best escape route on the ground for the striking current road section so that the customer can evacuate more rationally in the event of a fire.

The research in this paper will provide some basis and reference for the planning of similar supermarket fire prevention layout and fire evacuation safety layout in the future.

Keywords: Supermarket layout, flammable and explosive, fire evacuation, small supermarkets, large shopping malls

目 录

摘要
ABSTRACT
1 绪论.............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题研究背景......................................................................................................................1
1.2 研究意义及目的..................................................................................................................1
1.3 研究现状..............................................................................................................................1
1.4 研究方法以及创新点..........................................................................................................2
2 超市的布局研究.........................................................................................................................3
2.1 超市布局的意义..................................................................................................................3
2.2 超市布局的发展史..............................................................................................................3
2.3 常见的几种超市布局方式..................................................................................................4
2.4 超市布局实例分析..............................................................................................................5
2.4.1 所选超市及其规模简介...............................................................................................5
2.4.2 超市布局俯视图...........................................................................................................5
2.4.3 对布局的分析及优缺点判断.......................................................................................8
3 超市的防火灾安全布置.............................................................................................................9
3.1 火灾的危害性概述..............................................................................................................9
3.1.1 易燃商品的种类...........................................................................................................9
3.1.2 超市消防设施的种类...................................................................................................9
3.2 超市内的火灾隐患与消防设施布局................................................................................10

4 超市火灾人员疏散...................................................................................................................12

4.1 安全疏散设计....................................................................................................................12

4.1.1安全疏散设计的基本原则..........................................................................................12

4.1.2 安全疏散的设计程序.................................................................................................12

4.2 超市中人员的疏散分析....................................................................................................12

4.3 基于火灾疏散的超市布局改进........................................................................................17

4.4 超市安全布局的改善........................................................................................................19

5 结论...........................................................................................................................................21
5.1 全文总结............................................................................................................................21
5.2 本文研究不足之处............................................................................................................21
5.3 未来展望............................................................................................................................22

参考文献.......................................................................................................................................23

致谢...............................................................................................................................................25

1 绪论

1.1 课题研究背景

在我们的日常生活中，超市无处不在，也是我们采购食品、日用品的必要场所，可以说没有超市，生活就会变得很不方便，因此超市也成了人们常去的场所。

但是，超市内的商品繁多，想要保证顾客能够顺利地完成购物，商品的布局就显得尤为重要。合适的超市布局，能够引导顾客迅速找到他们想要买的物品，并迅速结账，从而完成购物，为每个顾客都省下一段时间，就能在整体上提高超市的运作效率，从侧面增加超市的营业额。