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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 物流管理与工程类 > 物流管理 > 正文

电动物流车充电设施运营优化毕业论文

 2021-03-19 21:54:16  

摘 要

近年来,环境污染和能源短缺等问题逐渐加剧,人们对环境问题的关注度也越来越高。国家相继出台相关政策推动新能源产业的发展,而电动汽车产业属于较典型的新能源产业之一。电动汽车在为人们生活提供便利的同时,还可以用于物流配送等行业中,不仅能够减轻城市空气污染,还能降低配送成本。但目前,电动物流车的续航里程较短,充电设施网络也不够完善,无法满足电能供给,因此,需要对电动物流车的充电设施进行科学的优化。

本文首先介绍了电动物流车充电设施的商业运营模式,将我国现有的运营模式划分为对外服务型、对内自用型和个人自用型三种类型。进行充电设施建设时,必须结合电动物流车行业的发展现状和物流配送的特性,选择现阶段适合物流配送行业的商业运营模式。

接下来,本文根据电动汽车的不同充电方式分别介绍了充电设施建设的几种基本模式,指出适合电动物流车充电设施建设的充电模式,并对每种模式下充电站的运营方式和基本运作流程进行了介绍。

选择合适的充电模式和商业运营模式后,本文针对不同充电模式的特点,建立了以用电成本、充电成本和时间机会损失成本和惩罚成本最小为优化目标的选址模型,充分考虑了充电造成的用电成本增加以及对访问后面的客户的造成的时间上的影响,并采用分步求解的方法,先求出配送的最佳路径和车辆的调度计划,然后找出访问过程中的需求点,在此基础上进行选址决策。接着将示例数据代入模型中进行验证,以检验模型的正确性和实用性。在求解路径问题时,采用遗传算法,求解选址问题则分别采用了多目标线性规划和贪婪取走启发式算法,多种方法相配合,提高了计算结果的准确性。

最后,本文对不同充电模式下选址决策和成本计算结果进行了对比和分析,比较了每种方案的优缺点和影响因素,总结分析了本文的主要研究成果,并且指出了研究现存的不足之处和未来进行深入研究的方向。

关键词:电动物流车;充电设施;商业运营模式;充电模式;选址

Abstract

In recent years, environmental pollution and energy shortages are gradually set to intensify and simultaneously people are increasingly concerned about the environmental issues. Driven by relevant national policies, the new energy industry is developing rapidly, and electric vehicle is one of the representative of the new energy industry. Electric vehicle brings the convenience of people's lives and can also be used for logistics and distribution industries at the same time. It can not only reduce urban air pollution, but also reduce distribution costs. But at present, electric vehicle flow mileage is too short, and its charging facilities network is not perfect. So it’s necessary for electric vehicles to make the scientific optimization of the charging facilities.

The commercial operation mode of charging facilities of electric vehicle is first discussed in this paper. And the operation mode of charging station in our country is mainly divided into three kinds: government-led, enterprise-led and user-led. It is worth emphasizing that the selection of the current stage for the logistics and distribution industry business model must be combined with the development of electric vehicle industry and the status of logistics and distribution.

Next, this paper describes three charging modes that can be choose when we build the electric vehicle charging facilities, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each model from the perspective of the enterprise. Then the operation of the charging station and the process for each mode was introduced.

After selecting the appropriate charging mode and commercial operation mode, this paper establishes the site selection model with the minimum cost including the cost of electricity, the cost of charging, the opportunity loss cost and the penalty cost as the optimization target. At the same time, the increase in electricity costs and the impact on the customer to be visited after charging are considered. We first find the best route distribution and vehicle scheduling plan, and then find out the process of access point by using a step-by-step solution method. After that, make the location decision according the results. In order to verify the correctness and practicability of the model, a case data is introduced to validate. To solving the problem of the path, the genetic algorithm is used. The multi-objective linear programming and greedy takeoff heuristic algorithm are used respectively to solve the problem of location. Using a variety of method improve the accuracy of the calculation results.

Finally, this paper compares and analyzes the results of site selection and cost calculation in different charging modes, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and the influencing factors. Then the paper summarizes the research results of this paper, and points out the shortcomings of the research and future research direction.

Key words: electric vehicle; charging facilities; commercial operation mode; charging mode

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义及目的 1

1.3国内外研究现状 2

1.4研究内容及研究思路 4

1.4.1研究内容 4

1.4.2研究目标 4

1.4.3研究方法与技术路线 5

1.5本文主要创新点 6

1.6论文内容组织 7

第2章 理论基础 8

2.1电动物流车及其充电设施基本概念 8

2.1.1电动物流车基本概念 8

2.1.2电动物流车基本充电方式 9

2.1.3充电设施商业运营模式 10

2.1.4充电设施建设种类 11

2.2充电设施选址布局影响因素 12

2.3充电设施选址布局原则 13

2.3本章小结 13

第3章 不同充电模式下充电设施选址模型构建 14

3.1问题描述 14

3.2模型假设 14

3.3充电模式下的选址模型构建 15

3.3.1模型参变量 15

3.3.2基于时间窗的优化目标确定 16

3.3.3模型约束条件 17

3.3.5模型化简 18

3.4换电模式下的选址模型构建 20

3.5本章小结 21

第4章 应用实例 22

4.1实验数据 22

4.2模型求解 23

4.2.1路径及车辆调度模型求解算法设计 23

4.2.2充电模式下选址模型求解 27

4.2.3充电模式下选址问题灵敏度分析 29

4.2.4换电模式下选址模型求解 30

4.3结果分析 32

第5章 环境影响及经济性分析 33

5.1环境影响分析 33

5.2经济性分析 33

第6章 总结与展望 34

6.1总结 34

6.2前景展望 35

参考文献 36

附录 38

致谢 43

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

二十世纪以来,空气中二氧化碳等温室气体浓度逐年升高,温室效应越来越严重,对人类生存造成了严重威胁。在这一环境下,多个国家都致力于降低碳排放、打造低碳城市,交通活动和交通工具的减排也因此备受政府和企业的关注。在交通领域内,由道路运输导致的CO2排放超过了总排放量的70%,成为交通行业主要的碳排放源。物流企业或者部门中,城市配送是商品到达顾客之前的最后一个环节,其配送点多、配送路线复杂且城市路况阻塞严重,长时间低速、拥堵的路况让内燃机车长期在不经济、高油耗的低速或怠速的工况下运行,既造成大量的碳排放、噪音和震动,也提高了车辆的使用成本。为解决以上问题,各国政府和相关企业开始考虑用电动物流车代替传统的燃油车辆完成城市配送业务。

电动物流车用电力驱动代替燃油驱动,无尾气排放,且噪音较低,是缓解环境污染问题的有效途径之一。且电动物流车在慢速、低负载的运行环境下的环保性和经济性都远远比传统内燃机运输车辆要好。将纯电动汽车应用于物流行业的城市配送环节对于减少城市中CO2排放量和解决物流“最后一公里”难题都具有重要作用,因此有望在城市配送中普及。

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