摘 要

电能经发电厂生产，由升压变电站升压后经输电线路传输，由降压变电站降压后经配电网传送至用户处。10kV架空配电线路常用于农村配电网，同广大用户距离较近，是电力系统中相对关键的环节。

配电网建设施工过程中最关键的是要进行架空线路设计与杆塔地基设计，要积极优化配电网的结构，夯实杆塔基础。输电线路杆塔是支撑输电线的重要部分，在输电线路绝缘配合设计时，杆塔模型的设计很重要，特别是随着输电线路电压等级的提高，杆塔高度也越来越高，防雷等问题更加突出，杆塔模型的研究也越来越重要。

杆塔是架空配电线路中的基本设备之一，是支撑架空输电线路导线和架空地线并使它们之间以及大地之间保持一定距离的杆形或塔形构筑物。按所用材质，分为木结构、钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构。通常对木和钢筋混凝土的杆形结构称为杆，塔形的钢结构和钢筋混凝土烟囱形结构称为塔。不带拉线的杆塔称为自立式杆塔，带拉线的杆塔称为拉线杆塔。

配电线路的安全问题，尤其是防雷能力，是电网极为重要的问题。配电线路遭雷击断线或跳闸，不仅会损坏设备，而且会对人的生命安全造成严重的威胁。随着经济建设的发展，全球气候变暖，雷击（静电）灾害的发生越来越频繁。配电线路绝缘水平差，受雷击后极易发生瓷支柱绝缘子爆裂或断线事故。

论文通过对分析10kV架空配电线路杆塔模型的特点及相关物理属性，掌握目前10kV架空配电线路杆塔的电感模型、波阻抗模型的原理和计算过程，通过计算等效电感和接地电阻，利用电磁暂态仿真计算程序（EMTP）搭建仿真模型，对雷击线路等复杂工程问题进行预测与模拟。

关键词：配电网，架空输电线路杆塔，ATP ，配电网杆塔模型

Abstract

The electricity is produced by the power plant and transmitted by the transmission line after boosted by the booster substation. 10kV overhead distribution lines commonly used in rural distribution network, which is the power system in the key link because it is very close with the majority of users.

The most critical process in the construction of distribution network is the design of overhead line and tower foundation, which need to optimize the structure of the distribution network and consolidate the tower base. Transmission tower is one of the most important parts of the transmission line. With the increase of voltage level, the tower build higher and higher. The lightning issues become more prominent due to the height of tower. From the above, the tower model designing become very important in the insulation design of transmission line.

The transmission tower is one of the basic equipment in the overhead distribution line, which supports overhead transmission lines as well as overhead ground wires and maintains a distance between them and the earth. According to the material, the tower divided into wood structure, steel structure and reinforced concrete structure. Usually the wood and reinforced concrete rod structure called rod, tower steel structure and reinforced concrete chimney structure called tower. The tower without the cable is called the self-standing tower and the tower with the cable is called the tower.

The safety of distribution lines, especially lightning protection, is an extremely important issue for power grids. Distribution lines are broken or tripped by lightning, not only will damage the equipment, but also a serious threat to human safety. With the development of economic construction and the global become warmer, lightning (electrostatic) disasters have become increasingly frequent. Distribution line insulation level difference, by the lightning after the pole pillar prone to burst or broken wire accident.

Based on the analysis of the characteristics and related physical properties of the 10kV overhead distribution line tower, the principle and calculation process of the current model of the 10kV overhead distribution line tower and the wave impedance model are calculated. By calculating the equivalent inductance and grounding resistance, transient simulation calculation program (EMTP) to build simulation model, and forecast and simulate complex engineering problems such as lightning strike line.

Key words: distribution network, overhead line tower, ATP, distribution tower model

目 录

摘 要 I

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 杆塔模型国内外研究现状 1

1.3 架空配电线路防雷简介 6

1.4本文研究的主要内容 8

第二章 10kV架空线路杆塔 9

2.1 架空线路杆塔简介 9

2.1.1 按在输电线路中的用途分类 10

2.1.2 按杆塔的材质分类 14

2.2 配电网常用杆塔 16

2.3 本章小结 17

第三章 10kV架空线路杆塔模型的计算及仿真 19

3.1 ATP-EMTP仿真软件 19

3.2 电感模型及波阻抗模型的计算 19

3.2.1 电感模型计算 19

3.2.2 波阻抗模型计算 20

3.3 10kV架空线路杆塔模型ATP-EMTP仿真 20

3.3.1 杆塔集中电感模型 20

3.3.2 接地电阻模型 21

3.3.3 雷电流参数设置 22

3.3.4 配电线路模型 23

3.3.5 仿真结果 23

第四章 总结与展望 25

4.1 全文总结 25

4.2 研究展望 25

参考文献 26

致 谢 28

第一章 绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

输、配电线路是电力系统中电能传输、交换、调节和分配的主要环节，在电力输电线路中，可以分为电缆和架空线路。因为和电缆线路相比，架空线路具有建造费用低、施工周期短、维护方便等优点，所以架空线路在电力输送中得到更广泛的应用。

杆塔是架空输电线路的重要组成部分，架空线路和杆塔将导线和避雷线悬挂在空间，使导线与导线之间、导线与地线之间、导线与杆塔之间、导线与地面、交叉跨越物之间保持一定的安全距离为线路运行提供必要条件。杆塔按照材料的不同主要有钢筋混凝土塔（简称水泥杆）、铁塔、木杆等类型。