摘 要

目前我国的输变电工程正在飞速发展，高压输电线路施工现场的各类起重机也越来越多。然而起重机操作人员对高压知识了解的并不多，对高压线路的安全距离也有认知盲点，所以由起重机太靠近高压线而引起的短路跳闸事故时有发生并造成了大面积停电，使国民经济严重受损，人民群众的日常生活和工厂的正常生产也受到了巨大的冲击。因此研究一套结合电场感应原理和无线通信技术、能够感知起重机与高压线距离并适时给出报警信号的吊车防碰撞高压线装置是十分有必要的。经过比较，本文决定采用近电感应技术对高压线周围电场进行检测，并采用逆模拟电荷算法作为吊车防碰撞高压线的基本算法。结合吊车防碰撞高压线报警装置的总体设计方案，进行了包括工频电场传感器、CPU模块、前置放大电路、可编程增益放大电路、无线模块和声光报警电路在内的硬件设计和包括主程序、ADC采样程序、吊车防碰撞高压线算法、无线模块和声光报警模块在内的软件设计。

关键词：高压线 吊车 防碰撞 电场测量

Abstract

At present, China's power transmission project develops rapidly and high-voltage transmission line construction of various types of cranes are also more and more. However, the crane operators don’t know enough knowledge about high-voltage, the safety distance of high-voltage lines are also cognitive blind spots. So the short-circuit tripping accident caused by the crane too close to the high-voltage line have occurred and caused a large area power outages. So that the national economy is seriously damaged, the people's daily life and the normal production of the factory has also been a huge impact. Therefore, it is necessary to study a crane anti-collision high-voltage line device which can combine the principle of electric field induction and wireless communication technology to sense the distance between the crane and the high voltage line and give the alarm signal timely. After comparison, this text decides the near electric induction technology to detect the electric field around the high voltage line, and adopts the inverse simulation charge algorithm as the basic algorithm of crane anti - collision high voltage line. The hardware design including power frequency electric field sensor, CPU module, preamplifier circuit, PGA circuit, wireless module and sound and light alarm circuit are designed in combination with the overall design scheme of anti-collision high voltage line alarm device of crane and the software design includes the main program, ADC sampling program, crane anti-collision high-voltage line algorithm, wireless module and sound and light alarm module.

Key Words: HV transmission wire, Crane, Anti-collision, Electric field measurement

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 吊车简介 2

1.2.1 吊车基本结构 2

1.2.2 吊车分类 3

1.3 吊车技术发展概况 4

1.4 国内外研究现状 4

1.5 主要研究内容 6

1.6 本章小结 6

第2章 吊车防碰撞高压线装置方案设计 7

2.1 高压线检测技术 7

2.1.1 红外探测技术 7

2.1.2 激光测距技术 7

2.1.3 雷达探测技术 8

2.1.4 近电感应技术 8

2.2 总体方案设计 9

2.3 本章小结 11

第3章 吊车防碰撞高压线算法研究 12

3.1 逆模拟电荷法概述 12

3.2 基于逆模拟电荷法的吊车防碰撞高压线算法研究 13

3.3 本章小结 15

第4章 吊车防碰撞高压线装置软硬件设计 16

4.1 硬件设计 16

4.1.1 硬件设计整体介绍 16

4.1.2 工频电场传感器的选型 16

4.1.3 STM32芯片简介 17

4.1.4 前置放大电路设计 17

4.1.5 可编程增益放大电路设计 18

4.1.6 无线通信模块的选型 19

4.1.7 声光报警电路设计 20

4.2 软件设计 21

4.2.1 主程序设计 21

4.2.2 ADC采样软件设计 23

4.2.3 吊车防碰撞高压线算法软件设计 24

4.2.4 无线通信模块软件设计 25

4.2.5 声光报警模块软件设计 27

4.3 本章小结 28

第5章 总结与展望 29

5.1 总结 29

5.2 展望 29

参考文献 30

致谢 32