摘 要

在经济全球化的今天，全球的贸易往来大部分都要靠海上运输所实现，运输业的发展也促进着船舶行业的发展，人们对于船舶的要求越来越高，船舶本身的功能结构也在不断增强。在大数据时代和工业4.0的背景下，随着世界智能船舶这个大方向的发展，船舶的自动化程度也代表着一艘船舶的智能化水平，机舱监控系统又在船舶工作航行时起到了保障船舶安全可靠的关键作用。本文所研究的机舱传感器监控系统又是轮机自动化的一个主要组成部分，根据不同类型的传感器，船舶上的工作人员可以准确可靠的监控机舱内各种设备的运行状态和参数，在设备出现故障时及时的进行汇报，保证船舶航行的安全，可靠，环保和经济性。而在机舱监控系统方面，我国大多数都是引进国外先进设备，因此在传感器监控方面的研究对于智能船舶的发展具有重要意义。

首先在阅读了许多与课题相关的文献后，深刻的了解了船舶机舱传感器监控系统所需要具备功能和实现它的方法，具体研究内容包括以下几个方面：

(1)介绍有关智能船舶的概念，智能船舶规范和六大功能模块的技术要求，并且着重叙述了有关智能机舱的研究内容和关键技术。

(2)对机舱的结构布置以及相关设备装置进行了简要介绍，分别对集中式，集散式和分布式的机舱监控系统进行了对比，对机舱监控系统的特点加以描述，以及分布式的机舱监控系统的组成和功能进行总结。

(3)机舱是整个船舶的核心，对于监控机舱内各种设备参数的传感器的原理和功能进行了分类探讨，通过了解其工作原理展现了传感器的工作过程，并且对主机、辅机和各种管路油水泵的监测点和监测参数的分类，报警类型进行了详细介绍。

(4)对机舱传感器监控系统现场总线技术进行了简要介绍，分别对国际上几种主流的现场总线比如CAN和PROFIBUS现场总线进行了对比，阐述了现场总线控制系统的分类及特点，以及对应的网络拓扑结构的选择，并基于CAN和PROFIBUS总线设计了有关机舱监控系统，对系统的组成和功能进行了叙述，在系统的可靠性和稳定性方面考虑了有关冗余系统的设计，最后对于两种总线系统的性能特点进行了对比。

通过这一段时间的学习研究，了解了有关机舱监控系统的技术知识，并且对于智能机舱的发展有了更深刻的印象，也说明了智能船舶的发展有着巨大的空间。

关键词：船舶；现场总线技术；机舱监控；设计；冗余；监测点

Abstract

With the development of economic globalization, most of the global trade to rely on maritime transport to achieve, the development of the transport industry also contributed to the development of the ship industry, people are increasingly demanding for the ship, the ship itself is also the functional structure Growing. In the context of the Big Data Age and Industry 4.0, with the development of the world's intelligent ships, the degree of automation of the ship also represents the level of intelligence of a ship, and the cabin monitoring system, when the ship works, Safe and reliable key role. In this paper, the cabin sensor monitoring system is a major component of the automation of the engine. According to the different types of sensors, the crew on the ship can accurately and reliably monitor the operation status and parameters of various equipment in the cabin. When the equipment fails Timely reporting, to ensure that the ship sailing safety, reliability, environmental protection and economy. In the cabin monitoring system, most of our country is the introduction of foreign advanced equipment, so the sensor monitoring aspects of the development of intelligent ships is of great significance.

First of all, after reading a lot of literature related to the subject, a deep understanding of the ship nacelle sensor monitoring system needs to have the function and its implementation of the method, the specific research includes the following aspects:

(1) Introduce the concept of intelligent ship, the specification of intelligent ship and the technical requirements of six functional modules, and focuses on the research contents and key technologies of intelligent cabin.

(2) The layout of the cabin and the related equipment are briefly introduced. The centralized, distributed and distributed cabin monitoring systems are compared, the characteristics of the cabin monitoring system are described, and the distributed cabin monitoring The composition and function of the system are summarized.

(3) The cabin is the core of the whole ship. The principle and function of the sensor which monitors the parameters of the equipment in the cabin are classified and discussed. The working principle of the sensor is demonstrated by understanding the working principle of the sensor, and the main engine, auxiliary machine and various Pipeline oil pump monitoring points and monitoring parameters of the classification, the alarm type was described in detail.

(4) A brief introduction to the fieldbus technology of the cabin sensor monitoring system is carried out. The comparison of several mainstream fieldbuses such as CAN and PROFIBUS field bus is carried out, and the classification and characteristics of the fieldbus control system are described, and the corresponding Network topology, and based on CAN and PROFIBUS bus design of the cabin monitoring system, the composition and function of the system were described in the system reliability and stability of the design of the redundant system, and finally for the two The performance characteristics of the bus system are compared.

Through this period of study and study, understanding of the cabin monitoring system of technical knowledge, and for the development of intelligent cabin has a more profound impression, but also shows the development of intelligent ships have a huge space.

Key Words：ship；fieldbus technology；engine room monitoring and control；design；redundancy；monitoring points

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究的国内外现状及意义 1

1.2智能船舶的概念 2

1.2.1智能船舶关键技术 2

1.3本文的主要工作内容 3

第2章 机舱监控系统的组成及发展综述 4

2.1船舶机舱监控系统的发展 4

2.2船舶机舱的概念和组成 5

2.2.1机舱监控系统的组成和功能 6

2.3现场总线技术的概述 7

2.4本章小结 8

第3章 机舱传感器分类及选型 9

3.1船舶机舱传感器 9

3.1.1船舶机舱常用传感器 9

3.1.2传感器的静态参数 12

3.2船舶机舱监测参数类型及监测点分布 13

3.2.1监测信号类型 14

3.3 参数的监测方法 16

3.4 本章小结 17

第4章 基于现场总线的机舱监控系统设计 18

4.1船舶机舱监控系统结构分层 18

4.2常用现场总线的分类及特点 18

4.3现场总线控制系统技术特点 20

4.4现场总线网络拓扑结构分类 21

4.5机舱传感器与通信网络设计 23

4.5.1系统结构分层 23

4.5.2 CAN现场总线的性能特点 24

4.5.3以太网网络通信协议的选择 27

4.5.4现场总线的介质访问机制 27

4.5.5 CAN总线系统的节点 28

4.5.6系统冗余技术 29

4.5.7信号的采集处理 29

4.6基于Profibus总线的机舱监控系统 30

4.6.1 Profibus总线概述及特性 30

4.6.2基于Profibus-DP总线的监控系统设计 30

4.7 CAN总线和Profibus总线的实用性分析 32

4.7.1 CAN总线和Profibus比较 32

4.7.2 CAN和Profibus总线的优势及局限性 32

4.8本章小结 33

第5章 总结与展望 34

5.1论文总结 34

5.2 展望 34