摘 要

左氧氟沙星是经典的第三代喹诺酮类抗菌药，具有强效广谱的抗菌作用，对包括厌氧菌在内的格兰氏阳性菌及格兰氏阴性菌有较强敏感性，并且对于多种病原体，军团菌等有较强的抗菌活性。此外，据研究报道，左氧氟沙星还具有抗肿瘤的作用！对治疗敏感菌引起的泌尿系统感染、呼吸道感染、胆囊炎、细菌性肠胃炎、骨髓炎、皮肤和软组织感染、耳鼻喉感染等疾病效果较好，具有很高的研究价值。

反应绿色化、设备小型化、过程集成化是目前化学及化工行业发展的趋势。现今化学、化工界的迫切任务是开发出安全、清洁、高效的生产工艺。以四氟苯甲酰氯为起始原料，与N,N二甲基丙烯酸乙酯缩合，S-（ ）-2-氨基丙醇置换，环合，水解后与N-甲基哌嗪在DMF作用下缩合精制得到左氧氟沙星。并进行一系列的物料衡算，能量衡算及简单的经济核算，从而设计出完整的工艺。绘制带控制点的工艺流程图，进行工段设备设计、选型，绘制主要设备结构图。

关键词： 左氧氟沙星；氟喹诺酮；合成；工艺流程；

Abstract

Evofloxacin is a classical third-generation quinolone antibacterial drug with a strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.Levofloxacin is sensitive to Gram positive bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, and has strong antimicrobial activity against many pathogens, such as Legionella.In addition, according to research reports,Levofloxacin also has anti-AIDS effect! Levofloxacin is mainly used to treat urinary tract infection, bacterial gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection, cholecystitis, osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infection, ear, nose and throat infection.It has high research value.

At present，green reaction，small equipment，integrated process is the development trend of chemical and chemical industry.The development of safe，clean and efficient production process has become an urgent task of chemistry and chemical industry. Using tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride as starting material,The condensation of S-2-aminopropanol with N-dimethacrylate ethyl ester, cyclized, hydrolyzed and condensed with N-methylpiperazine under the action of DMF.And a series of material balance calculations, energy and simple economic accounting, thus designed the complete process. Drawing process with the main control point map for section in equipment design, selection, preparation equipment list. Draw the main equipment structure. In the mass production of benzaldehyde today,there is important significance.

Key words: Levofloxacin ；fluoroquinolone；synthesis；formaldehyde production process

目录

1. 绪论

1.1 左氧氟沙星产品概述----------------------------------------------- 1--

1.1.1 产品介绍--------------------------------------------------------1--

1.1.2发展状况---------------------------------------------------------1--

1.1.3药理毒理 --------------------------------------------------------2--

第2章左氧氟沙星的合成路线选择

2.1左氧氟沙星的合成方法-----------------------------------------------3--

2.1.1化学拆分---------------------------------------------------------3--

2.1.2立体选择性合成---------------------------------------------------4--

2.1.3 综述--------------------------------------------------------- -7--

2.2工艺流程框图 -----------------------------------------------------7--

第3章物料衡算

3.1 生产总则----------------------------------------------------------8--

3.2各工序物料衡算---------------------------------------------------- 8--

3.2.1左氧氟沙星合成工段物料衡算------------------------------------- 8--

3.3.2水解工段各物料衡算---------------------------------------------10--

3.2.3环合工段物料衡算--------------------------------------------11--

3.3.4取代工段物料衡算-------------------------------------------12--

1. 能量衡算

4.1能量衡算依据--------------------------------------------------14--

4.2左氧氟胺化物合成工段的能量衡算------------------------------------15--

4.3 环合工段能量衡算------------------------------------------------17--

4.4水解工段各能量衡算---------------------------------------------- 20--

4.5左氧氟沙星合成工段能量衡算-------------------------------------- 22--

第5章化工设备选型

5.1设备选型的原则---------------------------------------------------25--

5.2主要储罐的选型---------------------------------------------------25--

5.3反应釜选型-------------------------------------------------------27--

5.4吸收设备选型-----------------------------------------------------29--

5.5干燥设备选型-----------------------------------------------------29--

5.6泵的选型---------------------------------------------------------29--

第6章车间布置

6.1车间布置设计的任务-----------------------------------------------30--

6.2车间布置设计原则-------------------------------------------------30--

第7章安全与环保

7.1化工安全生产-----------------------------------------------------31--

7.1.1防毒-------------------------------------------31--

7.1.2防火与防爆-----------------------------------------------------31--

7.2环境保护 ------------------------------------------------------31--

设计总结----------------------------------------------------------33--

致谢--------------------------------------------------------------34--

参考文献----------------------------------------------------------35--

第1章 绪论

1.1左氧氟沙星产品概述

左氧氟沙星为类白色或淡黄色结晶性粉末，无臭，有苦味，极易溶于冰醋酸，略溶于水、三氯甲烷，微溶于甲醇、乙醇，不溶于乙醚；喹诺酮类药物是经典的抗菌药，经过多次的修饰和优化，到左氧氟沙星的合成，已经是第三代诺喹酮类药物了。左氧氟沙星主要通过抑制细菌DNA旋转酶（细菌拓扑异构酶II）的活性，阻碍细菌DNA的复制进而抑制细菌的增殖而达到抗菌的作用。左氧氟沙星具有抗菌活性强、抗菌谱广的特点，对大多数肠杆菌科细菌，革兰阴性菌，革兰阳性菌以及肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体都有较强的抗菌活性^[11]。但对厌氧菌和肠球菌的作用较差。临床上广泛应用于治疗敏感菌引起的：泌尿生殖系统感染，呼吸道感染，胃肠道感染，伤寒，骨和关节感染，皮肤软组织感染，败血症等全身感染！其疗效确切、抗菌谱广，抗菌活性强，不良反应小是临床上常用的广谱抗菌药之一^[7]

1.1.1产品介绍