摘 要

随着国民经济的不断发展，我国城市规模持续增长，城市化水平不断提高。我国的机动车保有量日益增长，城市巨大的交通需求与有限的交通资源供给的矛盾也逐渐扩大，各大城市交通拥堵现象日趋严重。为了缓解交通供需矛盾、实现城市交通的可持续发展，发展城市公共交通成为最佳选择。大力发展公共交通，推行公交优先政策已经成为众多大城市交通发展战略的主要内容。公交专用道作为实现公交优先的重要手段，是改善公交运行状况最有效的途径。

本文主要研究了公交专用道在实际运营中的的效益评价及运营效率。通过对城市道路的调查及查阅各种资料，结合公交车辆运行条件，建立了以管理者和使用者为评价主体，公交车行程车速、社会车辆行程车速、道路客运能力增加率、公交出行时间减少率和客流出行时间减少率为具体指标的评价方法。并采用AHP法对指标进行分层处理，综合评价公交专用道的运营效率。依据研究成果，找出并总结其运营中存在的问题，提出相应的改善方案。

本文选取武汉一条主干道友谊大道（徐东大街-工业路段）为研究对象，对公交专用道投入运营后公交车的实际运营效率进行深入调查分析。通过查阅相关资料确定合适的运营效率评价指标，建立以公交专用道运营效率为主的评价体系，并进行实地调查统计获得友谊大道公交专用道运营效率相关数据。对数据进行分析研究发现现有公交专用道运营中存在的问题，找出问题原因结合实际情况提出多种改善方案，论证不同实验方案并进行仿真模拟找出最佳方案。

研究结果表明，通过对改进后的方案重新评价分析后，友谊大道公交专用道的实际运营效率得到很大提升，并对以后评价其他道路公交专用道运营效率提供很大帮助。

关键词：公交优先；公交专用道；运营效率；效益评价。

Abstract

With the continuous development of the national economy, the scale of our city continues to grow and the level of urbanization continues to increase. The number of motor vehicles in our country is increasing day by day. The contradiction between the huge transportation demand of the city and the limited supply of transportation resources is also gradually expanding. Traffic congestion in major cities is becoming increasingly serious. In order to ease the contradiction between traffic supply and demand and achieve sustainable development of urban transportation, the development of urban public transportation has become the best choice. The vigorous development of public transport and the implementation of public transportation priority policies have become the main content of many major cities' traffic development strategies. Bus lanes as an important means to achieve public transport priority is the most effective way to improve the operation of public transport.

This paper mainly studies the benefits evaluation and operation efficiency of bus lanes in actual operation. Through the investigation of urban roads and the access to various data, combined with the operating conditions of public transport vehicles, the main body of evaluation was established by managers and users, the travel speed of buses, the travel speed of social vehicles, the increase rate of road passenger capacity, and the reduction of bus travel time. The rate of decrease and the time of departure from passengers are the evaluation methods for specific indicators. The AHP method is used to stratify the indicators and comprehensively evaluate the operational efficiency of bus lanes. Based on the research results, identify and summarize the problems in their operations and propose corresponding improvement plans.

This article selects a main road in Wuhan, Friendship Avenue (Xudong Street-industrial road section) as the research object, and conducts an in-depth investigation and analysis of the actual operating efficiency of the bus after the bus lane is put into operation. Through consulting relevant data to determine suitable operational efficiency evaluation indicators, an evaluation system based on the operating efficiency of bus lanes was established, and field surveys were conducted to obtain data on the operational efficiency of the bus lanes at Youyi Avenue. Analyze the data and find out the existing problems in the operation of existing bus lanes, find out the causes of the problems and put forward a variety of improvement programs in light of the actual situation, demonstrate different experimental schemes and perform simulation simulations to find the best solution.

The results of the research show that after re-evaluation of the improved plan, the actual operating efficiency of the bus lane of Youyi Avenue has been greatly improved, and it will greatly assist the evaluation of the operational efficiency of the bus lanes of other roads.

Key Words：Bus priority；Bus lane；Benefit analysis；Operational efficiency

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 国外相关研究 1

1.2.2 国内研究概况 2

1.3 研究内容 4

1.4 技术路线 4

1.5 本章小结 5

第二章 公交专用道运行效率评价指标体系 6

2.1 公交专用道的设置条件 6

2.2 公交专用道运营效率评价 7

2.2.1 公交专用道运营效率评价体系 7

2.2.2 公交专用道运营效率评价备选指标 8

2.2.3 公交专用道运营效率评价标准 9

2.2.4 公交专用道运营效率指标计算方法 10

2.3本章小结 14

第三章 友谊大道公交专用道运营效率分析 15

3.1友谊大道公交专用道运营现状 15

3.2友谊大道公交专用道评价数据计算 16

3.3友谊大道公交专用道运营效率综合评价 21

3.4本章小结 22

第四章 友谊大道公交专用道改善措施 23

4.1友谊大道公交专用道规划改善 23

4.2完善友谊大道公交专用道管理 25

4.3本章小结 26

第五章 结论及建议 27

5.1主要研究结论 27

5.2进一步研究建议 27

参考文献 29

附录A 31

致 谢 32

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景

随着国民经济的不断发展，我国城市规模不断扩大，城市化水平不断提高。我国的机动车保有量日益增长，城市巨大的交通需求与有限的交通资源供给的矛盾也逐渐扩大，各大城市交通拥堵现象日趋严重。为了缓解交通供需矛盾、实现城市交通的可持续发展，发展城市公共交通成为最佳选择。大力发展公共交通，推行公交优先政策已经成为众多大城市交通发展战略的主要内容。

为实现公交优先发展战略，2015年武汉市在30多条主干道布设了公交专用道，公交专用道的建设减少了公交车辆的拥堵，提高了运营车速。但由于武汉公交专用道建设滞后，差距巨大，监管不严，现实中专用道几乎成了公共路，施工占道、小轿车“借道”、车辆违停等现象干扰着专用道的使用，使得公交畅行效率大打折扣，同时还有公交车专用道利用率不高而社会车道减少导致的交通拥堵加剧的问题。