基于MPC5634的车载ECU硬件电路板设计毕业论文
2021-04-24 20:00:20
摘 要
随着现代汽车技术的不断发展,车载ECU作为汽车上的核心部件,它就像汽车的大脑一样,控制着整个车辆的运行,车载ECU的技术发展迅速,为汽车技术的发展奠定了基础,而车载ECU的硬件技术则是其发展的基础,只有当的发展硬件技术达到一定的高度,才能为车载ECU软件的发展提供保障。本文开展了基于MPC5634芯片的车载ECU的硬件电路板的设计的研究,开展了硬件电路板的开发过程以及硬件的测试,通过提高对车载ECU硬件设计的认识,为车载ECU的开发打下了坚实的基础。
本文主要分为三个部分,第一部分介绍了硬件设计中各种芯片的选型及其作用,第二部分讲解了电路板原理图的设计以及PCB布置,第三部分则是开展电路板的功能测试工作。其中第一部分介绍的芯片包括微处理芯片MPC5634、电源转换芯片TLE4270D、电磁阀电源芯片BTS6143D、电磁阀驱动芯片TLE6228GP、电机驱动芯片BTS7960、CAN功能芯片TJA1050等。第二部分原理图设计包括电源管理模块、最小系统模块、电磁阀驱动模块、电机驱动模块、电磁阀电源模块、CAN通讯模块、串口通讯模块、轮速信号处理模块、压力传感器信号采集模块、外部中断模块以及普通I/O口,PCB设计主要包括采用四层板设计作为印刷电路板,并且设计元器件布局走线。第三部分开展电路板的各种功能测试,应用Code Warrior 编程软件编写测试程序,连接下载器到电路板进行测试,以及运用示波器测试。
通过了解汽车ECU的硬件知识,熟悉飞思卡尔32位单片机MPC5634,设计了车载ECU的硬件电路。本文采用 Altium Designer 作为硬件电路设计软件,根据需求,设计所需的硬件电路,包括最小系统电路、轮速处理电路、电磁阀/电机驱动电路、模数转换电路等,并设计PCB布局,生成印刷电路板。采用Code Warrior 作为电路板测试软件,下载程序,用电路板来控制电磁阀、电机工作,采集轮速传感器信号,采用稳压电流源模拟信号测试模数转换模块等等。
为满足ECU功能要求和性能要求,通过对各功能模块的设计,完成车载ECU电路板的开发,并对电路板的功能和性能进行测试,验证了电路板的功能正常。硬件的开发以及硬件的测试,为车载ECU的开发打下了坚实的基础。
关键词:车载ECU;硬件设计;硬件测试
Abstract
With the continuous development of modern automotive technology, automotive ECU as a core component of the car, like the brain of a car, controls the operation of the entire vehicle. The technology of the vehicle-mounted ECU develops rapidly, laying the foundation for the development of automotive technology. The hardware technology of the vehicle-mounted ECU is the basis for its development. Only the hardware technology reaches a certain height can provide security for the development of the software. This article has carried on the research of the design of the hardware circuit board of the ECU based on MPC5634 chip, carried out the development process of the hardware circuit board and the hardware testing, improved the understanding of the vehicle ECU hardware design, and laid a solid foundation for the development of the vehicle ECU.
This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the selection of various chips in hardware design and its role. The second part explains the design of the circuit board schematic and the PCB layout. The third part is the function of the circuit board test. The first part of the introduction of the chip includes microprocessor chip MPC5634, power conversion chip TLE4270D, solenoid valve power chip BTS6143DV1E solenoid valve driver chip TLE6228GP, motor drive chip BTS7960, CAN function chip TJA1050 and so on. The second part of the schematic design includes power management module, minimum system module, solenoid valve drive module, motor drive module, solenoid valve power module, CAN communication module, serial communication module, wheel speed signal processing module, pressure sensor signal acquisition module, and external Interrupt modules and common I/O ports, PCB layout mainly includes four-layer board design for printed circuit boards, design component layout routing. The third part is to carry out various functional tests of the circuit board, use Code Warrior programming software to write test programs, connect downloaders to the board for testing, and use oscilloscope tests.
By understanding the automotive ECU hardware knowledge, familiar with Freescale 32-bit microcontroller MPC5634, designed the hardware circuit of the vehicle ECU. This paper uses Altium Designer as the hardware circuit design software, according to the needs, design the required hardware circuit, including the chip main circuit, wheel speed processing circuit, solenoid valve / motor drive circuit, analog-digital conversion circuit, etc., and design PCB layout, generate printing Circuit board. Use Code Warrior as the circuit board test software, download the program, use the circuit board to control the solenoid valve and motor work, collect the wheel speed sensor signal, use the regulated current source analog signal to test the analog-digital conversion module, and so on.
In order to meet the ECU functional requirements and performance requirements, through the design of each functional module, the development of vehicle ECU circuit board is completed, and the function and performance of the circuit board are tested to verify the correctness of the circuit board. Hardware development and hardware testing have laid a solid foundation for the development of vehicle-mounted ECUs.
Key words:Vehicle ECU;Hardware design; Hardware test
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1选题背景及研究意义 1
1.2国内外研究概况 3
1.2.1国外研究现状 3
1.2.2国内研究现状 3
1.3电路设计与测试软件 4
1.3.1 Altium Designer 4
1.3.2 Code Warrior 5
1.4论文主要研究内容 7
1.5本章小结 8
第二章 主要芯片的功能及特性介绍 8
2.1 微处理芯片MPC5634M 8
2.1.1芯片概述 8
2.1.2 MPC5634M的主要优势 8
2.1.3 MPC5634M的主要特性 9
2.2电源转换芯片TLE4270D 10
2.2.1芯片概述 10
2.2.2主要功能 10
2.2.3芯片特性 10
2.3电磁阀电源芯片BTS6143D 11
2.3.1芯片概述及作用 11
2.3.2芯片特性 12
2.4电磁阀驱动芯片TLE6228GP 12
2.5电机驱动芯片BTS7960 13
2.6 CAN通信收发器芯片TJA1050 15
2.7串口通信芯片MAX232 18
2.8本章小结 19
第三章 电路板原理图绘制及PCB设计 19
3.1最小系统模块 19
3.2电源管理模块 22
3.3电磁阀驱动模块 24
3.4电机驱动模块 25
3.5电磁阀电源模块 28
3.6 CAN通信模块 29
3.7串口通信模块 30
3.8轮速信号处理模块 31
3.9压力传感器信号采集模块 33
3.10外部中断模块以及普通I/O口 33
3.11 PCB布局设计 35
3.12本章小结 36
第四章 电路板制作及功能测试 37
4.1制作电路板 37
4.2 16路AD采集测试 39
4.3 CAN通信测试 41
4.4串口通信测试 41
4.5模拟轮速信号处理测试 42
4.6模拟驱动电磁阀测试 44
4.7模拟驱动电机测试 45
4.8本章小结 46
第五章 总结 46
5.1 研究总结 46
5.2 研究展望 47
致谢 47
参考文献 48
第一章 绪论
1.1选题背景及研究意义
车载ECU是汽车的电子控制单元,是英文electronic control unit的缩写,车载ECU也被称作汽车的“行车电脑”、“车载电脑”等。从车载ECU的功能用途上来说,车载ECU是汽车的专用微型计算机控制器或者专用单片机。和其他普通的单片机一样,车载ECU是由微处理器(CPU)、存储器(ROM 、RAM)、输入/输出接口(I/O)、模数转换器 (A/D)等电路组成。
另外车载ECU的工作电压的范围一般在6.5~16V,并且在ECU内部关键的地方采用稳压装置加以保护。车载ECU的工作电流的范围在0.015~0.1A ,工作温度的范围在-40℃~80℃,并且车载ECU能够承受1000Hz以下的振动,以保证车载ECU能够在汽车高速行驶和颠簸路段行驶时正常工作,保证车载ECU工作的稳定性。CPU是车载ECU的核心部分,其具有强大的计算的能力,就像是车载ECU的“大脑”,在汽车行驶过程中,它能够采集到汽车上各中传感器信号,CPU将采集信号进行处理运算变为控制信号,从而来控制执行器的工作,并且CPU还会控制存储器、输入/输出接口和其他外部电路的工作。车载ECU存储器(ROM)中存储了大量的程序,这些程序的基础都是大量的计算和实验数据,在汽车行驶时,程序的运行将采集来的各个传感器的信号进行比较,并且进行计算得到控制信号,从而控制发动机运行、转向助力、ABS运行等汽车动作,从而控制汽车正常平稳行驶。