摘 要

电动汽车因其节能、环保的特点，正受到全世界越来越多的重视。如今，我国的电动汽车市场正在逐渐的兴起，但在市场培育、产业激励等方面还有很多不足，与国外的差距较大。同时，在电动汽车的产业链中，其产业链的构成关系与传统汽车产业链相比发生了很大的改变，传统汽车市场的营运模式已不再完全适用于电动汽车。本论文通过对比国外电动汽车的发展经验，结合我国电动汽车发展现状，探索有利于我国电动汽车产业发展的供应链模式和营运机制。为发展我国的电动汽车产业尽自己的绵薄之力。

本论文首先对比了传统汽车与电动汽车各自产业链结构不同，比较两者的差异所在，指出传统汽车的产业链链构模式与营运机制已不再适用于新兴的电动汽车产业。之后在通过查找相关文献、书籍，并参考国外一些国家发展电动汽车的经验，本论文认为推动我国电动汽车产业发展的运营模式有以下三种：

1. 企业联合模式

国内几家大型汽车企业联合组建一个庞大的、具有国内代表意义的电动汽车企业。企业联合的模式，优势在于可以集中多家企业的资源，共同促进电动汽车的发展，并且有能力做更多的宣传，使更多的人了解电动汽车，进而使用电动汽车。

1. 采用租赁的运营模式

此模式一方面能降低使用成本，促进电动汽车的消费，而且能降低电动汽车投入初期的资金压力。另一方面，可以借助我国快速发展的互联网环境，实现电动汽车租赁的无人、自助型服务，降低劳动成本。

1. 车电分离模式

将电动汽车中的电池组独立出来，单独销售和管理。由于在电动汽车的总体成本中，电池组的成本占了很大一部分，所以将电池组独立出来，使用户可以购买不含电池组的电动汽车，减轻了用户购买电动汽车的成本。用户在使用电动汽车时，只需支付电池的租用费用和电力费用，无需自己进行充电、保养，一方面能使用户感到更加的便捷，另一方面利于电池的统一管理、回收。

关键词：电动汽车；市场发展；营运模式

Abstract

Because of its energy saving and environmental protection, electric vehicles are receiving more and more attention from all over the world. Today, China's electric vehicle market is gradually rising, but there are still many problems in the market cultivation, industrial incentives, and have a big gap with foreign. At the same time, in the industrial chain of electric vehicles, the relationship of the industrial chain compared to the traditional automobile industry chain has changed a lot, the mode of operation of the traditional car market is no longer fully applicable to electric vehicles. In this paper, the author compared with the foreign electric vehicle development experience, and combined with the development status of China's electric vehicles, explore the supply chain mode and operation mechanism for the development of China's electric vehicle industry. Make some contribution to the development of China's electric vehicle industry.

In this paper, the author compares the different industrial chain structure of the traditional vehicle and the electric vehicle, and pointed out that the traditional vehicle industry chain structure model and operation mechanism are no longer suitable for the new electric vehicle industry. After that, by looking up the relevant literature, books, and reference to the experience of developing electric vehicles in some foreign countries, this paper believes that the operation mode of promoting the development of China's electric vehicle industry has the following three:

(1) Several large domestic vehicle enterprises to form a large company, with the meaning of the domestic representative. This model, can focus on a number of enterprise resources, to jointly promote the development of electric vehicles, and has the ability to do more publicity, so that more people will know the electric vehicle, and then use the electric vehicle.

(2) the operating mode of leasing, this model on the one hand can reduce the use of cost, promote the consumption of electric vehicles, but also can reduce the cost of investment in the early stage of electric vehicles. On the other hand, we can rely on China's Internet Environment, realize the self-service in the rental model of electric vehicles, and reduce labor costs.

(3) Separate the battery from the electric vehicle, separate sales and management. Due to the overall cost of electric vehicles, battery costs accounted for a large part, so we can separate

the battery from the electric vehicle, so that users can buy electric vehicles of no battery pack, greatly reduce the cost of buy electric vehicles. When use the electric vehicles, the user only need to pay the rental costs of the battery and electricity costs, without their own charging, maintenance, on the one hand can make users feel more convenient, on the other hand, it is conducive to the unified management and recycle of the battery.

Key Words：Electric vehicle；market development；operation mode

目 录

第1章 绪论...................................................................................................................1

1.1 选题的目的与意义..............................................................................................1

1.2 有关研究现状......................................................................................................1

1.2.1 国外电动汽车发展现状...............................................................................1

1.2.2 我国电动汽车发展现状...............................................................................4

1.3 本文研究内容与方法..........................................................................................5

1.3.1 基本内容.......................................................................................................5

1.3.2 技术方案.......................................................................................................5

第2章 电动汽车与传统汽车产业链模式的差异分析...............................................6

2.1 传统内燃机汽车产业链的特点及发展现状分析..............................................6

2.2 电动汽车产业链的特点及发展现状分析..........................................................7

2.3 电动汽车产业与传统汽车产业供应链的差异分析..........................................8

第3章 我国电动汽车发展遇到的问题.......................................................................9

3.1 我国电动汽车发展遇到的困难..........................................................................9

3.2 我国在电动汽车市场的推广普及中遇到的困难.............................................10

3.3 促进我国电动汽车产业发展的思路分析.........................................................11

3.4 促进我国电动汽车产业发展的政策及措施建议.............................................13