Fe对Al-Mg-Si合金强度和电导率的影响毕业论文
2021-05-18 22:59:08
摘 要
全铝合金导线由于具有优异的比强度、导电性、耐腐蚀性、耐热性而被广泛应用于输电导线,Al-Mg-Si系合金被认为是一种达到导电性和强度的良好结合的候选铝合金。
本文以广泛用于电工行业的Al-Mg-Si合金为实验对象,按照熔铸--均匀化退火—固溶时效—分析测试的实验路线,分组添加不同的Fe含量并调整热处理设计方案,以提高合金力学性能、导电性能为目的,采用金相组织观察、力学、导电性能测试等方法进行了分析探讨。实验内容主要包括元素Fe、以及热处理工艺对Al-Mg-Si合金组织、性能的影响。
研究结果表明:铸态合金呈现纯金属铸锭组织特征,出现表层细晶区及柱状晶,非平衡凝固组织特征不明显;对铸态合金进行均匀化退火,随处理温度的提高和保温时间的延长,非平衡凝固组织趋近消失,组织变得均匀,合金晶界细化,成分逐渐均匀分布,温度过高会出现过烧,出现复熔小球,565℃×9.5h均匀化处理是合金铸锭较合适的退火处理方案。
随时效温度的提高和保温时间的延长,合金的电导率逐渐升高;在时效最初阶段样品的硬度迅速升高,时效处理温度较低的最终可以达到较高的硬度峰值(63HB),但其达到硬度峰值需要较长的时间,较高的时效处理温度会缩短达到峰值的时间,但其硬度峰值(57HB)会低于低温时效的峰值。Fe对Al-Mg-Si合金的力学性能有不利影响,随着Fe含量的升高,铸态Al-Mg-Si合金的导电率逐渐降低。
关键词:Al-Mg-Si;均匀化;固溶时效处理;导电性;力学性能;Fe元素
Abstract
All aluminum alloy conductor is widely used as transmission line because of its excellent specific strength, electrical conductivity, high corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Al-Mg-Si alloy is considered to be a candidate aluminum alloy with conductivity and strength well combined.
In this paper, the Al-Mg-Si alloy widely used in the electrical industry is taken as the experimental object. The research work has been carried out from aspects of casting, homogenization, heat treatments and properties performance by means of microstructure investigation, mechanical properties testing and electrical conductivity measuring. This experiment was divided into five groups adding different content of Fe and set up different heat treatment process.The principle objects of the experiments were to improve the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the alloys studied. The research mainly includes the effects of element Fe and heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Research results show that the as-cast alloyshows ingot microstructure characteristics of pure metal.The surface fine grain zone and columnar crystal can be observed clearly and the unequilibrium solidification structure was not obvious.During the homogenization treatment, the eutectic morphology of precipitates disappears gradually with the increasing of annealing temperature or keeping time.The structure is homogeneous and alloy grain boundaries are refined, and the composition is gradually distributed evenly.Excessive temperature will lead to overburnt with the appearance of remelted globes.The suitable homogenizing treatment process of alloy ingot is 565℃×9.5h.
The conductivity of the material increases gradually with the increasing of aging time and temperature.The hardness of the sample increases rapidly at the beginning of aging and the sample under lower aging temperature has a higher hardness peak with a longer time.On the contrary, the sample under higher aging temperature has a lower hardness peak with a shorter time.Element Fe has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy and the conductivity of as-cast Al-Mg-Si alloy decreases gradually with the increasing of Fe content.
Key Words:Al-Mg-Si;homogenization;solution and aging treatment;electrical
Conductivity;mechanical properties;Fe
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 铝合金导线的应用 1
1.2 Al-Mg-Si导体材料概述 2
1.3 铝合金材料的强化机制 2
1.4 铝合金导线存在的问题 3
1.5 本文研究的目的及意义 4
1.6 本文研究内容 4
第2章 合金制备、热处理工艺及性能检测 5
2.1 合金成分设计及熔炼浇铸 5
2.1.1成分设计 5
2.1.2实验用原材料及设备 5
2.1.3合金熔炼及浇铸 5
2.2合金的热处理工艺研究 7
2.2.1 均匀化处理研究 7
2.2.1.1 均匀化处理 7
2.2.1.2 均匀化处理对合金硬度及组织的影响 8
2.2.2 固溶时效 13
2.3性能检测 13
2.3.1 电导率测量 13
2.3.2 硬度测量 13
2.4组织观察 14
第3章 Al-Mg-Si合金组织性能分析 15
3.1试验测试结果 15
3.1.1 Al-Mg-Si合金导电性能测试 15
3.2 固溶时效对合金性能的影响 15
3.2.1 固溶时效处理对电导率的影响 16
3.2.2 固溶时效处理对宏观硬度的影响 18
3.2.3合金的固溶时效处理对性能的综合影响 19
3.3 元素Fe对Al-Mg-Si合金性能的影响 20
第4章 结论 21
参考文献 22
致谢 24
第1章 绪论
新世纪以来,国内经济一直保持保持高速增长,基础行业迸发了蓬勃的活力,而且经济发展逐渐由之前的粗放型转型为可持续发展模式。在国家西电东送的大战略支持下,电力行业发展十分迅猛,而与此同时,服役时间较长的输电网的升级换代也迫在眉睫。我国幅员辽阔,西部能源多人口少,西部电力调向人口稠密的东部,输送距离大,难度高,需要建设大量距离远、容量大、跨度大的新输电线路,同时老旧输电线路急需扩容升级,但现有架空输电线路所使用的导线基本上仍然是传统的钢芯铝绞线(ACSR),钢芯起到了支撑作用,但对于导电性能却存在副作用,使得载流量下降,钢芯铝绞线的生产过程繁琐,维护过程繁杂,而且其耐腐蚀性能也较差,在要求可持续发展的今天,这种输电线路已经不符潮流,发展的大趋势要求人们去寻找更加经济高效的导体材料。
1.1 铝合金导线的应用