摘 要

本文在中国水泥企业调研的基础上，分析水泥工业的碳排放现状，进而，分析各种原料、燃料的替代程度，以及减排潜力，准确估算未来水泥生产碳排放情况，这对促进我国水泥工业技术进步和实施循环经济，还有可持续发展战略具有重要意义和深远影响，这对能源和资源消耗较大的水泥企业尤为重要。所得结果对于今后我国水泥工业在降低碳排放方面的发展前景和未来规划具有重要的指导意义。

论文主要研究了我国水泥工业碳排放现状，以及碳减排应用进展。通过调研和深入代表性企业实测二氧化碳排放情况，明晰我国水泥熟料制备时分解石灰石所产生的二氧化碳情况以及燃料燃烧产生二氧化碳的情况，并通过和世界其他水泥厂生产熟料时的碳排放对比，摸清我国水泥企业熟料制备时碳排放情况。其次，通过与低碳胶凝材料体系的碳排放进行对比，摸清我国水泥生产企业在减少碳排放方面所做的技术改进，探究不同原料、燃料对生产水泥时产生二氧化碳的影响以及减少二氧化碳排放的技术进展。

研究结果表明：我国水泥工业积极进行碳减排工作，并在碳减排方面具有巨大的潜力。我国水泥产量位居世界第一，并仍保持一定的增长速率，随之而来的是巨大的排放量。碳减排的主要措施有，多使用替代原料，开发煤的高效燃烧技术，优化新型干法水泥生产线，用工业废渣制备性能高的辅助性胶凝材料，以及研究低能耗低二氧化碳排放的水泥等。

本文的特色：选题科学、实用，对后期我国水泥工业碳减排技术的应用和推广具有一定的指导意义。

关键词：水泥工业；二氧化碳；碳排放；碳减排

Abstract

The on the basis of survey of cement enterprises in China, this paper analysis the present situation of cement industry of carbon emissions, the degree of substitution of a variety of raw materials, fuel, and the reduction potential, accurately estimating future cement production of carbon emissions, that promote the technology progress of China's cement industry ,there is important and far-reaching significance to implementation of circular economy and the strategy of sustainable development, and is important for energy and resource consumption of large cement enterprises . The results have important guiding significance for the future development of China's cement industry in reducing carbon emissions and future planning.

This paper mainly studies the status of carbon emission and the application of carbon reduction in China's cement industry. Through researching and measuring the representatives of carbon dioxide emissions, it is clear to understand the situation of the carbon dioxide produced by decomposing limestone and burning fuel combustion, and through and the rest of the world cement clinker production of carbon emission comparison, find out China's cement enterprises clinker preparation carbon emissions. Through comparing carbon emissions and low carbon cementitious material system were compared, in order to find out the current cement production enterprises in reducing carbon emissions technology improvement, explore different raw materials and fuel which can reduce the cement production of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions of technical progress.

The results show that China's cement industry to actively carry out carbon emission reduction, and has great potential in carbon emission reduction. China's cement production ranked first all over the world, and still remain a stable growing rate, that is followed by a huge amount of emissions. According to the current level of the cement industry, cement industry production and emissions of carbon dioxide accounts for about 20% of China's industrial production the total emissions of carbon dioxide. It is a huge pressure of carbon dioxide emissions for cement industries. There are many major carbon emission reductions, such as improving the utilization of alternative raw materials, coal, combustion technology and equipment, new dry process cement production line optimization, energy efficient grinding technology and equipment, industrial waste residue of preparing high performance auxiliary plastic cementitious materials, low energy consumption of low carbon dioxide emissions from the cement and other.

The characteristics of this paper: scientific and practical topics, the application and promotion of carbon emission reduction technology in China's cement industry has a certain guiding significance.

Key Words：Cement industry; Carbon dioxide; Carbon emission; Carbon reduction

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究目的与研究意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究意义 1

1.2 水泥生产碳排放研究综述 2

1.2.1 世界水泥生产碳排放研究现状 2

1.2.2 中国水泥生产碳排放研究现状 3

1.3 水泥生产碳减排研究综述 4

1.3.1 世界水泥工业碳减排研究现状 4

1.3.2 中国水泥工业碳减排措施研究现状 5

1.4 研究内容及方案 6

1.4.1 研究内容 6

1.4.2 研究方案 6

第2章 水泥工业碳排放的来源与影响因素 8

2.1 水泥工业碳排放的来源 8

2.2 水泥工业碳排放的影响因素 9

2.3 实测水泥厂碳排放量 9

2.4 水泥生产碳排放发展趋势 10

第3章 水泥工业碳减排方法及潜力 12

3.1 水泥工业碳减排措施分析 12

3.1.1原料替代 12

3.1.2燃料替代 12

3.1.3水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾 13

3.1.4富氧燃烧、全氧燃烧 14

3.1.5余热发电技术 15

3.1.6 水泥行业碳减排其它技术 15

3.2 水泥工业碳减排潜力 16

第4章 结论与展望 18

4.1 主要结论 18

4.2 研究展望 18

参考文献 19

致 谢 22

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究目的与研究意义

1.1.1 研究背景

我国水泥工业进入21世纪后开始快速发展，我国水泥产量近些年一直处于世界领先地位（图1.1）。水泥在生产时会排放大量的二氧化碳，因此在生产水泥带来巨大经济利益的同时，二氧化碳排放的弊端也开始展现，温室效应等现象导致环境持续恶化。据统计，水泥行业生产排放的二氧化碳，大约是我国工业生产排放二氧化碳总量的20%左右，每生产1吨水泥熟料，大约要排放0.894~1.215吨的二氧化碳^[1]。2014年我国生产了24.76亿吨的水泥和14.17亿吨的水泥熟料，因此水泥工业排放的二氧化碳超过14亿吨。

图1.1 近十年中国水泥产量统计情况