交流异步电机矢量控制系统设计毕业论文
2021-07-13 00:37:16
摘 要
在异步电动机的调速控制系统中,V/F控制是最早实现的调速系统控制方式,它的使用方法可靠度高;但是它对于调速精度和调速范围等方面结果并不理想。随着现代技术的发展,交流异步电机采用矢量控制成为主流,并且采用矢量控制得到的交流电机控制效果和直流电机的控制效果不相上下,甚至超过直流调速系统。
本文针对交流异步电机闭环磁链矢量控制调速进行了研究与分析。论文首先对异步电机的动态数学模型和矢量控制原理做了分类和原理介绍,分析了不同坐标系下的坐标变换模型、矢量控制的磁场定向方法以及在不同坐标系下的磁链观测模型,设计了基于电压空间矢量PWM(即SVPWM)的电机控制策略。最后,用MATLAB仿真软件建立系统的交流异步电机模块、矢量控制器模块、速度调节模块等,再将它们有机的整合后搭建完整的异步电机矢量控制系统。论文模拟了电机在不同运行状态下的工况,对仿真波形进行了比较分析。
关键词:异步电机;矢量控制;坐标变换;MATLAB仿真
Abstract
The main content of this paper is Design of vector control system of asynchronous motor. V / F control is the induction motor drive system control method was first implemented, its use of high reliability; but it is not ideal for speed accuracy and speed range and other aspects of the results.With the development of modern technology the AC induction motor vector control into the mainstream, and the use of control results obtained by the vector control AC motors and DC motor control performance comparable to, or even exceed the DC speed control system.
In this paper, AC induction motor closed loop flux vector control is studied and analyzed. Firstly, the dynamic mathematical model and vector induction motor control principle to do a classification and principle introduces and analyzes the coordinate transformation model in different coordinate systems, field-oriented method of vector control and flux observer model in different coordinate systems, design control strategy based on voltage space vector PWM (ie SVPWM) motors. Finally, using MATLAB simulation software to establish the system of AC induction motor module, the vector controller module, speed control module, and then build a complete induction motor vector control system for organic integration of them. Paper simulates the motor running in a different state of working conditions, the simulation waveforms were compared and analyzed.
Keywords: induction motor; vector control;Coordinate transformation;MATLAB simulation
窗体顶端
The main content of this paper is "Design of vector control system of asynchronous motor." V / F control is the induction motor drive system control method was first implemented, its use of high reliability; but it is not ideal for speed accuracy and speed range and other aspects of the results. With the development of modern technology, the AC induction motor vector control into the mainstream, and the use of control results obtained by the vector control AC motors and DC motor control performance comparable to, or even exceed the DC speed control system.
窗体底端
窗体顶端
Vector control is through the coordinate transformation, the AC motor stator current excitation component, torque component decoupling, reached the equivalent DC motor control process purposes. In the realization of the asynchronous motor winding equivalent DC motor model into the process, we need to understand the dynamic mathematical model of induction motor and its properties, the use of coordinate transformation further simplify analysis and AC motor control, and finally to achieve frequency control, greatly improving its control precision static and dynamic quality, optimize the performance of the speed control system.
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窗体顶端
In this paper, AC induction motor closed loop flux vector control conducted a series of studies based on the analysis and mathematical model of induction motor vector control theory, using MATLAB simulation software to establish AC induction motor module, the vector controller module, speed control module, and then the organic integration to build a complete system of induction motor vector control them. By having the entire system design modeling and simulation to gradually master the key theories and technologies between the induction motor vector control system of each module connected operations.
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窗体顶端
Keywords: induction motor; vector control; MATLAB simulation窗体底端
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 设计的目的及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 矢量控制 2
1.4 研究的基本内容及方案 2
1.4.1 拟采用的技术方案及措施 2
1.4.2 研究的基本内容 3
第2章 交流异步电机的数学模型分析 4
2.1 交流异步电机的动态数学模型和性质 4
2.2 坐标变换 7
2.2.1 clarke变换(3/2变换) 8
2.2.2 park变换(2s/2r变换) 10
2.2.3 直角坐标-极坐标变换(k/p变换) 11
2.3 异步电机在不同的坐标系下的数学模型 11
2.4 本章小结 14
第3章 交流异步电机矢量控制系统的基本原理 15
3.1 矢量控制系统的基本思路 15
3.2 矢量控制的磁场定向 16
3.3 转子磁链观测器 18
3.3.1 两相静止坐标系的转子磁链的观测模型 18
3.3.2 两相旋转坐标戏中的转子磁链观测模型 19
3.3.3 转子坐标系中转子磁链的观测模型 19
3.4 SVPWM控制技术 19
3.4.1.空间矢量的定义 20
3.4.2 电压与磁链空间矢量的关系 20
3.4.3 电压空间矢量的线性组合与SVPWM控制 22
3.5 本章小结 23
第4章 交流异步电动机矢量控制系统建模与仿真分析 24
4.1 MATLAB Simulink 软件基本介绍 24
4.2 异步电机矢量控制仿真模型的建立 24
4.2.1 主要子模块的功能实现 24
4.3 仿真结果及波形分析 27
4.4 本章小结 33
第5章 结论与展望 34
5.1 全文工作总结 34
5.2 今后工作展望 34
致 谢 36
第1章 绪论
1.1 设计的目的及意义
当今社会,随着经济的飞速发展,传统产业的能源消耗日渐增大,在这种情况下随之而来产生的各种资源环境问题也日趋严重,为了缓解这种情况,为了全球经济的稳步发展,大力发展电能以及以电能为主要动力设备的变频调速系统已经成为迫切需要。
变频调速系统作为主要的电能动力设备,它有节能降耗、提高生产率等优点,如今已成为现代化工业生产的关键支撑技术之一。根据国际能源署(IEA)2011年发布的《电机系统能效政策机遇》(Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems)报告显示,全世界总发电量的43%-46%都是变频调速系统所消耗的。
异步电动机有非线性、强耦合、多变量等性质,但是再设计时要想电动机能够实现高动态调速性能,就必须从初步建立的动态模型出发。由于交流异步电机的应用越来越广泛,就必须要兼顾控制性能优越、开发周期短和成本较低、控制算法合理等多方面因素。所以在解决这个困难的时候,如何建立有效交流异步电机系统仿真模型就显得尤为关键。
现在的工业中运用的最多就是矢量控制技术,它通过对模型中的电压、电流的分析解耦来达到需要的要求。矢量控制的变频器一般是通过检测、控制异步电动机在正常工作状态下的转矩电流和磁通来实现电机的变频调速,最后以达到静态精度和动态品质的大幅度提升。
矢量控制系统一般是通过运用矢量变换和按转子磁链定向的方式等效获得直流电动机模型,而异步电动机通过矢量控制的方式实现降阶、解耦。这样的电机调速系统是一种高性能的调速系统,现在已经应用在许多精度要求高,性能优质的场合中。
1.2 国内外研究现状