摘 要

石墨烯是碳原子紧密堆积成单层二维蜂窝状晶格结构的碳质材料。近年来，由于其优异的电子迁移率、导热率和透光率，被广泛应用于场效应管、透明导电薄膜、能源存储装置和药物释放等器件中。同时石墨烯具有独特的光学性质，在可见光和近红外区具有很强的吸收特性。而且石墨烯不仅可用来负载各种生物分子，还可负载一些功能丰富的金属单质及金属化合物等制备石墨烯基功能纳米复合材料，因此成为国内外光热转换材料研究热点。为了描述石墨烯的光热转化特性，本篇论文将以石墨烯纳米片为夹杂相和聚合物为基体相的无限大石墨烯/聚合物基纳米复合材料薄板为研究对象，分析夹杂相的体积分数、形态、光强、板厚等因素对其光热转化特性的影响规律。

首先，针对电磁波在石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料板中的传播特性，采用Maxwell电磁波理论，解析地给出了石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料板中电场强度和磁场强度的表达式；其次，根据Maxwell Garnett等效介质理论，给出了夹杂相不同形状、不同分布状态时的等效介电常数表达式。最后，我们将电磁波理论、Maxwell Garnett等效介质理论以及热传导理论融会贯通，构建了石墨烯/聚合物基纳米复合材料光热转化理论模型。此外，我们在理论建模的基础上，利用Matlab计算软件，得到了无限大的石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料板在给定光波照射下温度随板厚方向和随时间的变化等数值结果，并将部分结果与实验结果进行了对比，吻合良好。

研究结果揭示了石墨烯夹杂形态、体积分数和外部光强、辐照时间以及各相材料的物理属性等因素对复合材料光热转化的影响，所得结果为石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料光热转化效应机理的揭示奠定了理论基础，为石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料光热效应在生物医疗等相关应用方面的研究提供了理论依据。

关键词：石墨烯；聚合物；纳米复合材料；等效介质理论；光热转化效应

Abstract

Graphene is a single two-dimensional honeycomb lattice carbonaceous material structure which is tightly packed into by carbon atoms. In recent years, due to its excellent electron mobility, thermal conductivity and light transmittance, it has been widely used in field effect tube, transparent conductive film, energy storage device and drug release. At the same time graphene has a unique optical properties, graphene oxide and graphene in the near infrared region has a strong absorption. And graphene can not only used to load a variety of biological molecules, also can load some elemental metals and metal compounds to produce graphene nanocomposite materials, thus the research of photothermal conversion material becomes hotspot. In order to describe the graphene photothermal conversion characteristics, this paper will regard the infinite graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposite thin plate as the research object. At the same time, the factors of inclusion phase volume fraction, morphology, light intensity, plate thickness, etc.on the photothermal conversion characteristics are investigated.

First of all, according to the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in the graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposite plate, we use Maxwell electromagnetic wave theory to analyse the expressions of electric field and magnetic field in the graphene/polymer nanocomposite material plate; secondly, according to the Maxwell Garnett equivalent medium theory, we can get the equivalent dielectric constant expression when the inclusion phases have different shape and different state of dispersion. Finally, we will constructs the graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposite thermal transformation model by combining the study of electromagnetic wave theory ,Maxwell Garnett effective medium theory and heat transfer theory.In the basis of the theoretic model, using matlab calculation software, we got the temperature results of infinite graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposite plates which have been irradiated by a given light along the thickness direction and the time. Comparing with the results of experiment ,we fine our numerical results agree with the actual results.

Research reveals the influence of graphene inclusion shape, volume fraction and the external light intensity, irradiation time and the physical properties of materials and other factors to the transformation of composite thermal effect. The results have laid a theoretical basis for revealing the theory of the photo thermal conversion effect of graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposites.It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the photo thermal effect of graphene/polymer matrix nanocomposite materials in biological and medical applications.

Key Words：graphene；polymer; nanocomposites；effective medium theory；photothermal conversion

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究现状 1

第二章 石墨烯/聚合物基纳米复合材料的光热特性 3

2.1 Maxwell电磁波理论 3

2.2 等效介质理论 6

2.2.1 Clausius Mossotti理论 6

2.2.2 Maxwell Garnett等效介质理论 8

2.3热传导理论 13

2.3.1 Kapitza界面热阻效应 13

2.3.2 热传导理论 14

第三章 数值计算结果及讨论 16

总结与展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景