摘 要

20世纪以来，全球化的趋势越来越明显，全球价值链的话题也开始受到各方面的持续关注。在激烈的竞争下，企业开始转型，把原来一体化生产的环节中加工组装等环节外包出去， 但同时，企业也保留生产链条上利润最丰厚的研发、品牌、售后等环节，获取更大的利润。

美国制造业有着在20世纪80年代成功的将信息化与制造业相结合，克服了发展停滞不前的危机，实现了制造业的成功转型，促进了经济的大幅提升的经历。随着我国的改革开放，我国制造业逐渐进入到全球价值链之中，获得了长足的发展。但是，我国制造业现如今也面临着转型的压力。我国制造业生产成本不断提升，人口红包的优势也开始下降，制造业承受着升级的压力。中国该如何实现转型，是人们现今最关心的问题。

本论文将在广泛分析参考文献和查阅数据的基础上，论述全球价值链和产业升级等相关领域中具有代表性和特色的理论，如：迈克尓·波特（Michael Porter）的“价值链”（value chain）理论等，在广泛分析这些理论的基础上，能使我形成完整可靠的理论依据，从而充实我在全球价值链背景下对中国产业升级途径的研究背景，方便我进行更深入的研究。

本论文结合全球价值链的情形下制造业的发展现状，运用案例分析法来分析美国制造业企业（如：IBM公司）的产业成功升级的道路，汲取可借鉴的经验，同时运用统计研究法来搜索资料库里的实时数据，得出科学可靠的结论，同时运用交叉学科法，结合金融学、产业经济学、国际贸易、计量经济学、经济学原理等有关科目的知识，从而对中国制造产业在全球价值链的背景下改造升级路径提出切实可行的建议。

关键词：全球价值链 产业升级 美国制造业 中国制造业 IBM

Abstract

The whole world is experiencing a trend of Globalization since the 20th century and the topic of Global Value Chain aroused the wild interests of many scholars. Under the fierce competition, corporations began reforming and divided original integrated production into many tiny links. They outsourced the links of processing and assembling to those developing countries. In the meantime, those corporations can focus themselves more on the core links of researches, brand and after-sell service to gain more profits.

The U.S. manufacture industry combined informatization with manufacturing industry to upgrading its own industries and overcame a huge shock in 1980s. After reforming and open, China gradually entered the system of global value chain and obtained long-term development. On the other hand, China is confronted with the pressure of upgrading its industries and renovating its techniques. Our country is faced with the higher of its production costs and the lower human reproduction rate nowadays. That the methods of upgrading manufacturing industries in China are the most concerned problem in Chinese society.

In this article, I have referred to many authority literatures and data to discuss some typical theories in related professions. For example, value chain theory of Michael Porter etc. I employed some methods to write this article like cases analyzing, statistics collecting and multiple subjects combined to write my article. The method of analyzing-cases uses the successful upgrading of industrial like IBM Company in the U.S. Also, I use some statistics to get the latest data to draw scientific conclusions. Plus, I attained knowledge form multiple subjects like finance, industrial economics, international trade, econometrics and the principle of economics to look into this topic. In this way, I can give reasonable suggestions for industrial upgrading under the global value chain background.

Keywords: Global Value Chain, industry upgrading, manufacturing industry, IBM

目  录

I. 摘  要 2

II. Abstract 3

1. 绪论 5

1.1 研究背景和意义 5

1.2 研究目的和主要内容 6

2. 文献综述与理论基础 7

2.1 文献综述 7

2.2 理论基础 8

3. 全球价值链下的制造业现状 9

3.1 全球发展概况 10

3.2 美国全球价值链现状分析 10