我国核电产业海外市场拓展策略探析毕业论文
2021-10-08 18:53:21
摘 要
世界核电已有半个多世纪的发展历史,经历过许多波动和转折,形成了目前实力参差不齐的发展格局。在全球核电产业复苏的大环境下,我国加快推进国内核电站建设,引进和吸收发达国家技术,大力推进核心技术的自主研发,并在国际上寻求合作出海。
世界上核电发展成熟的国家有法国和美国。目前,美国除在世界各地积极竞标,也顺应国际市场需求的变化,积极拨款支持新技术,新概念研发,提升核电出口竞争力,通过政企联合,分工协作,对未来的国际市场进行战略布局。法国在国际上频频收购或参股,通过合作研发,强强联合提升技术实力,实现对国际市场新需求进行技术调整的同时,也一步步实现海外市场的战略扩张。
本文基于对世界核电市场发展态势的把握,首先概述了我国核电发展历程和现状,其次重点分析并总结了美国和法国两个核电发达国家核电工业发展及其出口经验,最后以美法经验为借鉴,联系中国实际,提出了“一带一路”政策推动下的我国核电出海的思路和建议。
关键词:核电;走出去;市场导向;多赢合作
Abstract
The world’s nuclear power has developed for more than half a century, and has experienced many twists and turns, currently formed a pattern of uneven strength development. In the background of a recovering global nuclear power industry, our country is accelerating the advance of domestic nuclear power plant construction, introducing and absorbing technology in developed countries, vigorously promoting the core technology of independent research, and seeking cooperation of sea resources development worldwide.
France and the United States are countries with advanced technology on developing nuclear power in the world. At present, in addition to zealously biding all over the world, the United States is also conforming to the change of international market demand, actively funding to support new technology and new concept of development, enhancing the export competitiveness of nuclear power. Using joint government and enterprises to achieve division and cooperation, the US is setting the strategic layout of future international market. France frequently takes part in the acquisition or equity participation, through cooperative research and powerful alliances, its technical strength was enhanced. While realizing the technological adjustment of new demand for international market, France achieved strategic expansion of overseas markets step by step.
Based on the development trend of world's nuclear power market, this paper first outlined the history and present situation of nuclear power in our country, then analyzed and summarized the nuclear industry and export experience of United States and France, two developed countries and nuclear superpowers. Finally, applying their experience as reference, we put forward some ideas and suggestions for nuclear power development under Chinese practice and the policy of "The Belt and Road Initiative".
Key Words: nuclear power; export; market orientation; win-win cooperation
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景和意义 1
1.2研究思路和方法 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 2
第2章 国内核电产业发展状况概述 3
2.1发展历程 3
2.2核电布局 4
第3章 核电出口现状及问题分析 5
3.1出口现状 5
3.1.1在发达国家英国进行核电项目投资建设 5
3.1.2在发展中国家阿根廷进行核电项目投资建设 5
3.2我国核电出口存在的问题 6
第4章 核电强国核电工业发展及海外市场拓展经验 7
4.1美国 7
4.1.1美国核电发展历史及经验 7
4.1.2美国核电出口现状与经验 11
4.2法国 13
4.2.1法国核电发展历史及经验 13
4.2.2法国核电出口现状与经验 15
第5章 对我国核电“走出去”的建议 17
5.1以市场为导向,选择和创新“出海”的核电技术 17
5.2整合产业链,抱团出海,组成核电“国家队” 17
5.3加强与核电强国的合作,加强技术与供需共识 17
5.4寻找合作机会“借船”出海,应用多种商业模式 17
参考文献 19
致谢 19
第1章 绪论
1.1研究背景和意义
随着全球核电产业的复苏,各国市场的需求量不断上升,我国多年自主研发的技术开始有展露头角的机会,我国也逐渐参与各个国家的核电站建设项目,从核电进口国慢慢转变为出口国,在对未来的展望中,和各大强国的竞争也将列入日程。
我国采取自主创新为主,引进为辅的办法发展核电,在法国技术的基础上,自主研发出三代反应堆“华龙一号”技术:自2003年国务院核电领导小组主张核电站设计放弃二代堆,更新为三代堆之后,我国核电研发和投产的方向沿着引进三代堆的路线前进。2008年我国成立国家核电,同年就从美国引进AP1000核电技术并计划学习和吸收。但AP1000在当时还没有建成首堆,保险起见,我国基于法国引进技术自行研制的二代堆CNP1000和CPR1000获得机会,分别吸收AP1000和法国ERP的思路和经验,沿着各自原先的道路研发出ACP1000和ACPR1000 ,这两个皆为三代堆型,后来国家力量使之合二为一变为“华龙一号”,但两版本仍保留各自特色,等待市场和实践检验。
核电的出海必将使我国参与到核电强国的竞争中,美国和法国为两大最具实力出口国: