企业知识产权质押贷款风险评价研究毕业论文
2021-10-13 20:13:52
摘 要
近年来,国内知识产权的申请量增长迅速。2015年《世界知识产权指标》报告指出了中国的专利权、商标权以及工业品外观设计权的申请量都为世界第一,中国在世界知识产权发展中扮演着重要角色。知识产权数量的增长必然带动知识产权质押贷款的发展,但由于该类业务在我国起步较晚,产生的风险更是难以确定与计量。银行对待风险的态度往往较为保守,导致了企业在贷款申请中屡屡受挫。如何增强银行的风险辨识与风险管理能力,使银行“跨出去”,企业顺利将“知产”变“资产”,不仅关系到银行业与企业的发展,对于国家的科学发展与技术进步也具有强大的推动作用。
本文从银行的角度出发,以知识产权质押贷款发展现状为起点,同时结合贷款的流程来探索贷款过程中存在的关键问题。随后根据知识产权质押贷款的特征与流程来对贷款风险进行辨识,详细叙述了六个关键的风险─估值风险、保值风险、法律风险、处置变现风险、财务风险与市场风险,并设计两个层次的评价指标体系。在指标体系建立的基础上,选择恰当的评价方法对风险进行综合评价。本文运用模糊综合评价法与熵权法的数学方法,能够将定性问题的结果进行量化。最后选择某高新技术企业为案例进行应用分析,提出相关管理建议。本文旨在为银行在知识产权质押贷款中提供综合的考量,尽量规避不良贷款的信贷风险,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
关键词:知识产权;风险辨识;评价指标体系;模糊综合评价;熵权;管理建议
Abstract
In recent years, the application of intellectual property in China has increased rapidly. The "world intellectual property index" of 2015 annual points out that China's patent, trademark, industrial product design in the field of intellectual property applications are ranked first in the world. China plays an important role in the development of intellectual property in the world. The growth of intellectual property rights has led to the development of intellectual property pledge loans. But because of intellectual property pledge loan financing way in our country started late, and the risk is difficult to determine and measure. Banks tend to be more conservative attitude towards risk, resulting in the enterprise in the loan application is often hindered. How to strengthen the banking risk identification and risk management ability, making the bank to “step out” and enterprise successfully to the “knowledge” production “assets”. That is not only related to the development of banks and enterprises, but also has a strong role in promoting for the national scientific and technological progress and the development.
From the perspective of bank, this paper takes the development of intellectual property rights as the starting point, and combined with the loan process to explore the key issues in the process of the loan. Subsequently according to intellectual property rights pledge loan features and process to identify the loan risk. They are described in detail in the six key risk - valuation risk, hedging risk, legal risk, disposal of assets risk, financial risk and market risk, then design the evaluation index system of two level. Based on the establishment of index system, the appropriate evaluation method is selected to carry on the comprehensive evaluation of the risk. In this paper, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and entropy weight method is used to quantify the results of qualitative analysis. Finally, choose a high-tech enterprise as a case to apply the analysis and put forward the relevant management suggestions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive consideration of the bank in the intellectual property pledge loan and to avoid the credit risk of the bad loan. It has certain theoretical and practical significance.
Key Words:Intellectual property;Risk identification;Evaluation index system;Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation;Entropy weight;Management suggestions
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
1.4 研究内容与研究方法 3
第2章 企业知识产权质押贷款现状分析 5
2.1 我国企业知识产权质押贷款整体状况 5
2.2 我国企业知识产权质押贷款特征 6
第3章 企业知识产权质押贷款风险辨识 8
3.1 企业知识产权质押贷款流程 8
3.2 知识产权质押贷款风险因素分析 9
3.3 知识产权质押贷款风险评价指标体系构建 12
第4章 企业知识产权质押贷款风险评价模型 14
4.1 设计思路 14
4.2 熵权模糊综合评价模型 16
第5章 案例分析 18
5.1 案例背景介绍 18
5.2 模型应用与分析 19
5.3 管理对策建议 23
结论 25
参考文献 26
致 谢 27
附录A 28
附录B 30
第1章 绪论
1.1 选题背景
据近年资料统计,我国的中小型企业数量占全国企业总数的比例达到了99%以上,全国大概60%的专利由这些企业提供,可见中小企业已经成为了我国科技发展进步的重要力量。企业单位尤其是高新技术企业由于发展需要对外进行融资,然而传统质押贷款方式一般借助于不动产,高新技术企业多数呈现资产规模小、授信评级低的特点,难以实现以不动产作为担保的融资方式,因此只能依靠“知产”变“资产”。《担保法》在我国颁布后,政府部门和银行等开始对知识产权质押贷款加以重视,2006年全国首例中小企业知识产权质押贷款于北京产生。近年来政府在财税等方面提供大力支持,在融资额普遍小的情况下天津康库得公司获专利质押贷款金额1700万,2015年长沙在过去的五年内共有403项知识产权以质押融资方式从银行贷款31.3亿,这些现象表明了知识产权质押贷款方式近年来取得重大突破。
虽然知识产权质押贷款模式取得了较大的进展,但在我国仍处于起步的阶段,目前还没有实现全国化推广。与其他质押担保方式比较,银行在知识产权质押贷款种面临诸多不确定性风险,主要有估值风险、市场风险、财务风险、法律风险、处置变现风险等,如何对这些风险进行合理的评价成为了如今的迫切需要。深入研究我国商业银行的知识产权质押贷款风险评价问题,不仅为银行金融决策提供参考,同时也有利于科技型企业的成长,让知识产权的创造者以先进的科技成果改善人们的生活,实现自身价值。
1.2 研究目的及意义