摘 要

变态心理学是以心理与行为异常表现为研究对象的心理学分支。其主要研究和说明异常心理的基本性质和特点，研究个体心理差异以及生存环境对异常心理发生、发展的影响。在近现代，变态心理学的概念、形成因素以及其影响的发展为文学鉴赏与研究提供了新的视角。

《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》是美国作家威廉·福克纳于1930年4月发表的短篇小说，讲述了主人公艾米丽在经历了一系列悲惨事情后自我的逐渐迷失和变态心理的形成。身为南方没落贵族的后裔，艾米丽不仅遭到了身份的束缚，也时常受到父权的压制。然而，父亲的去世和情人的离去才是压倒艾米丽的最后一株稻草。小说中艾米丽的种种异常行为是她内心逐步扭曲的体现。本文旨在通过变态心理学理论分析小说主人公艾米丽在《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的悲剧成因。

本文分为五个部分：第一部分介绍小说主要内容、创作背景和变态心理学理论知识；第二部分介绍艾米丽自我压抑和自我缺失的表现及形成原因；第三部分主要介绍艾米丽父亲去世前后的异样表现及致使她产生迷茫和初步变态心理的原因；第四部分介绍艾米丽本我爆发的表现及形成原因；第五部分总结全文。

据研究表明，大多数人或多或少都患有心理疾病，它们大多受外界因素影响，但也有一些源自个人内心的扭曲。正视自己内心的阴暗面或许能有助于我们走向阳光，反之就会被它们吞噬，堕入永无止尽的深渊。

关键词：变态心理学；悲剧；自我压抑；创伤后应激障碍；人格的扭曲

Abstract

Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the abnormal manifestations of psychology and behavior. And it focuses on the study and explanation of the basic nature and characteristics of abnormal psychology, the study of individual psychological differences and the impact of living environment on the occurrence and development of abnormal psychology. In modern times, the concept, forming factors and the development of abnormal psychology provide a new perspective for literary appreciation and research.

"A Rose for Emily" is a short story published by William Faulkner in April 1930. It tells the story of Emily's gradual loss of self and abnormal psychology after a series of tragic events. As a descendant of the fallen aristocracy of the south, Emily is not only bound by the identity, but also often oppressed by the patriarchy. However, the death of her father and the death of her lover are the last straw. Emily's abnormal behavior in the novel is the embodiment of her inner distortion. This paper aims to analyze the cause of the tragedy of the protagonist Emily in "A Rose for Emily" through the theory of abnormal psychology.

This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the main content of the novel, the creation background and the theoretical knowledge of abnormal psychology. The second part discusses the manifestation and causes of Emily's self-suppression and self-deficiency. The third part mainly introduces the abnormal behavior of Emily before and after the death of her father and causes her confusion and initial abnormal psychology. The fourth part introduces the manifestation and formation of Emily's id explosion. The fifth part summarizes the full text.

According to research, most people suffer from mental illness to some extent. And some of them are affected by external factors, but some also come from personal distortion. Facing up to our inner darkness may help us reach for the sunshine, or it may engulf us in an endless abyss.

Key words: abnormal psychology; tragedy; self-deficiency; PTSD; distortion of personality

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 William Faulkner and "A Rose for Emily" 1

1.2 Literature Review 2

1.3 Theory of Abnormal Psychology 4

2 Self-deficiency 6

2.1 Repression of Id and Loss of Ego 6

2.2 The Causes of Self-deficiency 7

2.2.1 The Pressure from Southern Aristocracy 7

2.2.2 The Impact of Industrial Culture in the North 8

3 Dependency and PTSD 10

3.1 Pain of Independence and PTSD 10

3.2 The Causes of Dependency and PTSD 11

3.2.1 The Oppression of Paternity 11

3.2.2 The Influence of the Death of Father 12

4 Distortion of Personality 14

4.1 The Irresistible Id and Remaining within Doors 14

4.2 The Causes of the Distortion of Personality 15

4.2.1 The Betrayal of Lover 15

4.2.2 The Abandonment of Society and Relatives 16

5 Conclusion 18

References 19

Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... 20

An Analysis of the Tragedy of the Heroine in "A Rose for Emily" From the Perspective of Abnormal Psychology

1 Introduction

• 1. William Faulkner and "A Rose for Emily"

William Faulkner is widely regarded as one of the leading writers of South American Literature. His writing exerts great influence on the writers of his time as well as those follow him. Sinclair Lewis once mentioned in his speech that Faulkner has "liberated the south from the tears of sentimental women." (Xiao, 2000, p5) In addition, Faulkner is also one of the representatives of American stream of consciousness literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1949 for his great artistic contribution to contemporary American novels. He has also got Pulitzer Prize twice and National Book Awards twice.

Faulkner was born on September 25^th, 1897 in New Albany, Mississippi. His great-grandfather, known was a planter, a soldier, a writer and a statesman, had always been Faulkner's childhood hero. Faulkner was greatly influenced by him and used him as the model for some characters in his later novels (Xiao, 1997). Another person he was proud of was his mother, whose characteristics are later reflected in the strong female characters in his novels. He disliked his father, who was considered as a man of little ability. When he was nine years old, Faulkner declared, "I want to be a writer like my great-grandfather" (Carr, 2007). Faulkner was an avid reader even at a young age. His reading list included William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Balzac, Joseph Conrad, and others. He started writing early. At the age of 10, he published his earliest poems, essays, and short stories. At the age of 14, Faulkner had read Moby Dick and Old Testament. It is the reading of these early masterpieces that greatly influenced and helped his later writing.

In his whole life, Faulkner wrote 19 novels, 4 volumes of short stories, and two volumes of poetry, among which 15 novels and most short stories took place in Yoknapatawpha county and are called "Yoknapatawpha Saga". His important novels include The Sound and The Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Sanctuary (1931), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom (1936), Go Down, Moses (1942), and Trilogy of the Snopes Family.

"A Rose for Emily" is also an important part of the "Yoknapatawpha Saga". It was Faulkner’s first short story published in a national magazine. Since its publication in April, 1930, the short story “A Rose for Emily” has evoked worldwide repercussions. It is regarded as his best short story. Floyd C. Watkins (1954) highly commented on the structure of “A Rose for Emily”, especially its chronology.

As Faulkner's masterpiece of short stories, "A Rose for Emily" mainly tells the life of Emily, the daughter of the Grierson family in the southern Jefferson town after the civil war. Emily's father is the head of her family. Influenced by the southern aristocratic culture, he is a true supporter of Puritan patriarchy. In order to maintain his so-called rank and dignity, he drives away all the men who pursue Emily, which causes Emily could not have her own happiness like ordinary people. Then her father dies, which hits her hard. Without her father's control, she does not become strong and independent, but has a kind of abnormal dependence on her father. After coming out of the pain of her father's death, she begins to banish her nature and enjoy the happiness of love. She falls in love with Homer, a worker who comes from the north to build the railway in the town. However, neither the townspeople nor her relatives support Emily's love with a worker of unequal status. Nevertheless, she abandons everything for Homer. Until later, when she finds out that Homer doesn’t intend to marry her, she is totally broken. With a twisted personality, she poisons her lover with arsenic and stays with the corpse for 40 years on the same bed until she dies.