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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 物流管理与工程类 > 物流管理 > 正文

基于KPI-AHP(关键绩效评价-层次分析法)的企业物流绩效考核体系研究毕业论文

 2021-10-27 22:24:54  

摘 要

随着社会经济发展进程逐步拓展,国民物流总值也在逐年升高,物流已经成为了人们生活中的重要工具之一,不仅是对个人的物流,企业的货运物流也是如此,如何提供优质的、准时的物流业务是当前竞争中的核心之一。本文选取了一家大型铜成品供应企业的物流业务为主体进行分析,目前对于该行业的物流分析较少,行业内物流业务偏传统化,具体体现在车间管理没有规范化,技工流动性高导致培训成本高,以及车辆的管理主要依靠电话联络出车的司机,而不是靠电脑端管控等方面。造成铜材行业的物流成本居高不下的原因,主要是企业缺少了高效的物流管理,如果能改善企业物流业务,通过低成本的管理来降低物流成本,那么在产品的定价方面,企业就会有较大的优势。

文中从铜材行业的物流特性入手,大致分析了影响运费的数种因素,再结合对K企业物流业务的SWOT分析,详细阐述了企业的优劣势以及同行竞争中存在的威胁和机会,通过SWOT分析能得到企业物流应该在何处进行改进。接着是具体分析企业物流业务的管理方法,文章以关键绩效指标(KPI)建立企业物流业务的评价体系,结合铜材行业的物流特点,以客户、库存管理和配送服务三个方面作为该企业的物流业务三大关键绩效指标,各个指标下还细分了具体的业务指标,解决了经营者对具体工作内容不熟悉的困扰。再结合层次分析法(AHP)作为数据运算工具,对各个进行分析,建立比较矩阵,利用运算工具确定指标的权重,为经营者提供了明确直观的数据,帮助其分析物流业务的重点,明确公司应在何处投入资金,来获得更高的回报。

企业通过本文提供的关键绩效指标评价法来建立属于本企业的评价体系,在实际的操作中,难免会出现一定的偏差以及实施中碰到困难,这是由于指标的确立存在主观性,这需要管理者和员工共同在日后的实际工作中调整,在每一个PDCA循环的检查环节中改进,如此来逐步找到最适合于本企业物流业务的评价体系,让车间管理规范化,以此降低了物流成本,最终实现公司总的发展目标——降低产品定价的同时提供更优质的服务。

关键词企业物流,SWOT分析,关键绩效指标评价体系,层次分析法

ABSTRACT

With the gradual expansion of the social and economic development process, the total value of national logistics has also increased year by year. Logistics has become a vital tool of people’s lives, not only for individual logistics, but also for freight logistics of enterprises. How to provide high-quality On-time logistics business is one of the cores of the current competition. This article selects the logistics business of a large copper products supplier as the main body for analysis. At present, there are few logistics analyses in this industry. The logistics business in the industry is more traditional, which is specifically reflected in the lack of standardized workshop management. The high technician mobility leads to training costs High, and the management of vehicles mainly rely on the phone to contact the driver, rather than relying on computer-side control and other aspects. The reason for the high logistics cost in the copper industry is mainly due to the lack of efficient logistics management. If the logistics service of the enterprise can be improved and the logistics cost can be reduced through low-cost management, then in terms of product pricing, the enterprise will have a greater advantage.

The article starts with the logistics characteristics of the copper industry, roughly analyzes several factors that affect freight, and combines with the SWOT analysis of K enterprise's logistics business to elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of the company and the threats and opportunities in peer competition, where to improve the enterprise logistics business. Next is a detailed analysis of the management methods of the enterprise's logistics business. The article establishes an enterprise logistics business evaluation system with key performance indicators (KPI), combines the logistics characteristics of the copper industry, and takes customer, inventory management and distribution services as the company's three aspects. The three key performance indicators of the logistics business, each of which also subdivides specific business indicators to solve the operator's unfamiliarity with the specific work content. Combined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a data calculation tool, it analyzes each one, establishes a comparison matrix, uses the calculation tool to determine the weight of indicators, provides operators with clear and intuitive data, helps them analyze the focus of logistics business, and clarify the company where should be invested to obtain higher returns.

The enterprise establishes its own evaluation system through the key performance indicator evaluation method provided in this article. In actual operation, certain deviations and difficulties in implementation will inevitably occur. This is due to the subjectivity of the establishment of indicators, which requires managers and employees make adjustments in the actual work in the future, and improve in each PDCA cycle inspection link, so as to gradually find the most suitable evaluation system for the company's logistics business, standardize the workshop management, and thereby reduce logistics costs , and ultimately achieve the company's overall development goal-reduce product pricing while providing better services.

KEY WORDS: Enterprise logistics, SWOT, KPI, AHP

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 国内外研究综述 1

1.2.1 关键绩效指标研究 2

1.2.2 层次分析法研究 3

1.3 研究内容与技术路线 4

1.3.1 研究内容 4

1.3.2 技术路线 6

第二章 K企业物流SWOT分析 6

2.1 K企业所在金属行业的特性分析 6

2.2 K企业物流业务的SWOT分析 8

第三章 利用关键绩效指标分析企业的物流业务 10

3.1 关键绩效指标分析法 10

3.1.1 设立KPI的原则 11

3.1.2 目前存在的KPI设立难点 11

3.2 设立K企业物流业务的KPI 12

3.2.1 客户 12

3.2.2 库存管理 13

3.2.3 配送服务 13

第四章 利用层次分析法得到KPI的权重 14

4.1 建立关键绩效指标的层次模型 14

4.2 建立比较矩阵,进行一致性检验 15

4.3 关键绩效指标权重的确定 17

4.4 对于物流业务关键绩效指标权重的分析 17

第五章 结论与展望 18

5.1 研究结论 18

5.2 研究展望 19

参考文献 20

致谢 21

第一章 绪论

1.1选题背景

我国社会物流总值逐年上升,物流也从十年前的鲜为人知到如今的走进千家万户,人们的生活已经离不开物流这两个字,物流给人们带来了太多的便利。从之前的数据我们可以看到,2013至2015年,由于我国物流市场处于优化结构阶段,国家也在慢慢地将物流需要的基建,如公路、铁路等不断完善,我国的社会物流增速并不算快,而之后,得益于国家坚持不懈的基础建设,我国社会物流总额飞速提升,据中国物流与采购联合会于2019年3月发布的《2018年全国物流运行情况通报》统计数据显示,2018年,我国社会物流总额达283万亿元,较2017年增长12.0%,可谓是厚积薄发,同时中国物流的未来同样可期。

对个人的物流服务是常见且影响到每家每户的,但对于企业的货运物流同样重要。企业间的竞争一直十分激烈,降低产品定价已然成为了同行间竞争取得优势的一大关键,伴随国内物流市场结构不断优化,物流理论体系日渐完善,越来越多的企业在物流管理上投注了大量金钱与精力,因为更优质的物流管理带来的是更好的物流服务以及更低的物流成本,相应的,产品定价便能降低,客户粘性也会提升,最后取得竞争中的优势地位。如此可见,好的管理能给企业带来巨大的助力。

1.2国内外研究综述

我国近几年在物流领域的发展速度令不少发达国家都瞠目结舌,电商这一业务领域突飞猛进的生长速度离不开物流技术的持续改进,在发达国家完善的物流理论体系下,国人学者精益求精,更上一层楼地将外国的理论精华运用到符合我国社会形态的物流体系,目前来说,对于评价物流绩效的体系已然是多种多样,有关键绩效指标分析法、平衡记分卡、内外部指标分析法等。有丰富的方案能让经营者对自身企业的物流业务进行分析,进而发现业务流程中的缺点。

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