摘 要

乳品废水的产生主要来自于三个场所，乳品加工厂，乳品接收站和乳场。这其中，乳场的废水的产生环节主要来自于乳场内的冲洗用水，在乳品加工厂内，除了冲洗地面用的冲洗水外，还包括搅拌黄油时产生的废水和生产时产生的废水，乳品接收站中的废水主要来源于清洗运输车辆及设备产生的废水。乳品废水具有以下特点：乳品废水的水质变化幅度大，乳品废水日流量的波动范围大，各项污染物指标的波动幅度也很大，由于是乳品，有机物含量高，大量高溶解性的有机物使乳制品工业废水的化学需氧量COD非常高，可生化性好，一般BOD/COD＞0.5。

本次毕业设计是一个1600m³/d乳制品企业的废水处理工程的设计。针对题中所给乳品除了COD高的特点之外，悬浮物及动植物油含量也较高。故本设计在废水通过格栅后先进入隔油池，对水中的动植物油进行有效分离。在调节池后，进入混凝沉淀池用以除去水中大部分的固体悬浮物。经混凝沉淀池处理过后的废水进入水解酸化池，将乳制品废水中的糖，蛋白质，剩余油脂等大分子有机物水解为小分子有机物，进一步增加可生化性。在完成上述预处理过程后，SBR法作为主体工艺，进行好氧兼氧厌氧交替的生物处理，进行周期为12小时的生化处理后，进入氯接触池，进行消毒处理。

设计表明设计选择的混凝沉淀 水解酸化 SBR工艺能有效去除污染物。在本设计的特色在于通过参考相关文献和借鉴设计人员工程实践认识，合理选取设计参数。本设计对国内常用乳品废水处理工艺的分析及设计参数能为同类设计提供参考。

关键词：乳品废水，混凝沉淀，SBR，水解酸化

Abstract

The production of dairy wastewater mainly comes from three places, dairy processing plant, dairy receiving station and dairy farm. Among them, the waste water in the dairy farm mainly comes from the washing water in the dairy farm. In the dairy processing plant, in addition to the washing water for washing the ground, it also includes the waste water generated when mixing butter and the waste water generated during production. The waste water in the dairy receiving station mainly comes from the waste water generated by cleaning the transport vehicles and equipment. Dairy waste water has the following characteristics: the water quality of dairy waste water changes greatly, the daily flow of dairy waste water fluctuates widely, and the fluctuation range of various pollutant indexes is also very large. Because of dairy products, the content of organic matter is high, a large number of highly soluble organic matter makes the COD of chemical oxygen demand of dairy industrial waste water very high, with good biochemical property, generally BOD / COD gt; 0.5.

This design is the program of the wastewater treatment project of 1600m³/d dairy enterprise. In view of the characteristics of high SS value of the wastewater in question, this design first uses coagulation sedimentation to remove most of the solid suspensions in the water, and then uses hydrolysis acidification tank to hydrolyze the macromolecular organics into micromolecules to increase the biodegradability. Finally, the sequencing batch activated sludge method (SBR method) is selected as the main process, and finally disinfects the effluent.

The design shows that the process of coagulation sedimentation, hydrolysis acidification and SBR can effectively remove pollutants.The feature of this design is to select the design parameters reasonably by referring to the relevant literature and drawing on the engineering practice knowledge of designers. The analysis and design parameters of this design for domestic dairy wastewater treatment process can provide reference for similar design.

Key words: dairy wastewater, coagulation sedimentation, SBR, hydrolytic acidification

目录

摘要 3

1绪论 6

1.1废水来源及特征 6

1.2国内外研究现状 6

1.3设计的目的与内容 8

2废水处理工艺的选择与说明 9

2.1设计原则及范围 9

2.2处理工艺及技术 9

2.2.1预处理技术 9

2.2.2废水处理主体工艺 11

2.2.3污泥处置工艺 11

2.2.4工艺流程 12

3计算说明书 13

3.1构筑物及设备 13

3.1.1格栅 13

3.1.2隔油池 14

3.1.3调节池 16

3.1.4混凝沉淀池 16

3.1.5水解酸化池 17

3.1.6 SBR池 18

3.1.7消毒池 22

3.1.8贮泥池 23

3.1.9污水提升泵房 24

3.2 平面布置 25

3.3水头损失计算 25

3.4高程布置 26

4 经济分析 29

5 总结 32

参考文献 33

致谢 34

1绪论

牛奶和乳制品富含营养素，并且富含糖，矿物质，维生素，乳脂和其他营养素。它被认为是“接近完美的食物”，因为它易于消化且营养丰富[^[1]]。由于其丰富的营养和综合特性，它受到许多中国居民的喜爱。但是，中国的乳制品行业起步较晚，被认为是新兴行业。不过进来，人民生活水平逐渐提高，各类乳制品在人民的食物比例中也逐渐升高，各种乳品行业也因此逐渐壮大。因此，如何处理乳制品生产中带来的废水也已成为重要的问题。

1.1废水来源及特征

乳品废水的产生主要来自于三个场所，乳品加工厂，乳品接收站和乳场。这其中，乳场的废水的产生环节主要来自于乳场内的冲洗用水，在乳品加工厂内，除了冲洗地面用的冲洗水外，还包括搅拌黄油时产生的废水和生产时产生的废水，乳品接收站中的废水主要来源于清洗运输车辆及设备产生的废水。[^[2]]。

乳制品工业产生的废水普遍具有以下的几个主要特点：