停车场用自动搬运AGV设计毕业论文
2021-11-07 20:45:36
摘 要
随着汽车保有量迅速增加,城市可供车辆停车的空间已经难以满足需要,停车困难的问题日益突出。智能停车为解决停车难问题提供了新的思路,不仅能有效提高停车效率,还能避免一系列的安全问题。而停车AGV是机器人技术和停车领域结合的产物,也是智能停车的关键部分,有非常广阔的研究空间。本文完成了一款停车场用自动搬运AGV的机械结构设计,主要包括对其总体方案结构设计、运动机构设计、举升机构设计、夹持机构设计,并通过相关的计算对一些重要的零件进行了选型。借助CATIA软件对停车AGV进行了三维建模,并得到二维图。具体内容如下:
(1)进行了总体方案设计,首先比较市场上主流的三种AGV车型比较,确定AGV的车型为夹轮胎式,其次调研了市面上普遍车型的轴距、轮距等重要参数,确定了AGV的基本参数;最后确定了AGV的导航方式和驱动方式。
(2)进行了运动机构的设计,首先分析AGV在搬运汽车的过程中所受到的阻力,初步确定AGV的电机功率、转速、扭矩;其次分析了各种不同类型电机的特点,完成电机选型;最后在此基础上完成舵轮和万向轮选型。
(3)进行了举升机构的设计,首先介绍了本文拟设计的举升机构的机械结构和AGV举升汽车的原理;其次设计举升机构的重要部分门架,计算了门架的理论举升高度和相关受力;最后对液压系统进行了设计计算,完成了起升油缸、起升链条的选型。
(4)进行了夹持机构的设计,首先确定了夹持机构的基本尺寸,并在AGV可以适应轴距可变的基础上完成了推动气缸的设计选型;其次简要介绍了AGV夹持机构的原理;最后对重要零部件货叉完成设计选型。
关键词:停车AGV;运动机构;举升机构;夹持机构
Abstract
With the dramatic increase of car amount, the parking space available in the city has been difficult to meet the needs, and the problem of parking difficulty is increasingly prominent.However, the space available for cars to park in cities is limited, and the problem of parking difficulty is increasingly prominent. Intelligent parking gives a novel method to solve the parking problem. It can not only effectively improve the parking efficiency, but also avoid a series of safety problems. Parking AGV is the combination of robot technology and parking field, and it is also the key part of intelligent parking, which has a very broad research space. In this paper, the mechanical structure design of an AGV for automatic handling in parking lot is completed, mainly including the design of its overall scheme structure, motion mechanism, lifting mechanism and clamping mechanism, and some important parts are selected through relevant calculation. With the aid of CATIA software, the 3D model of AGV is built and the 2D graph is obtained. The details are as follows:
(1) The overall scheme design is carried out. Firstly, the three mainstream AGV models in the market are compared, and the AGV model is determined to be tyre clamping type. Secondly, the wheel base, wheel base and other important parameters of common models in the market are investigated, and the basic parameters of AGV are determined. Finally, the navigation mode and driving mode of AGV are determined.
(2) Firstly, the resistance of AGV in the process of vehicle handling is analyzed, and the motor power, speed and torque of AGV are preliminarily determined; secondly, the features of various forms of motors are analyzed, and the motor selection is completed; finally, the steering wheel and universal wheel selection is completed on this basis.
(3) The lifting mechanism is designed. Firstly, the mechanical structure of the lifting mechanism to be designed and the principle of AGV lifting car are introduced. Secondly, the important part of the lifting mechanism is designed, and the theoretical lifting height and related forces of it are calculated. Finally, the hydraulic system is designed and calculated, and the lifting cylinder and lifting chain are selected.
(4) The design of gripping mechanism is carried out. Firstly, the basic size of gripping mechanism is determined, and the design and selection of push cylinder is completed on the basis that AGV can adapt to the variable wheelbase; secondly, the principle of AGV gripping mechanism is briefly introduced; finally, the design and selection of important parts and forks are accomplished.
Key Words:Parking AGV; moving mechanism; lifting mechanism; clamping mechanism
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究的背景和意义 1
1.2 停车AGV国内外研究现状 1
1.3 课题的主要研究内容 3
第2章 停车AGV的总体方案设计 4
2.1 功能要求 4
2.1.1 车型比较选择 4
2.1.2 车体尺寸确定 4
2.1.3 驱动方式确定 5
2.1.4 总体结构 6
2.2 导航方式选择 6
2.3 本章小结 7
第3章 运动机构设计 8
3.1 运动阻力的计算 8
3.2 电机选型 9
3.2.1 电机类型比较选择 9
3.2.2 电机参数的确定 10
3.3 车轮选型 11
3.3.1 舵轮轮选型 11
3.3.2 万向轮选型 12
3.4 本章小结 12
第4章 举升机构设计 13
4.1 举升机构方案设计 13
4.1.1 机械结构 13
4.1.2 举升原理 13
4.2 门架设计 14
4.2.1 理论举升高度 14
4.2.2 门架受力分析 15
4.3 液压系统的关键零部件选型 16
4.3.1 起升油缸 16
4.3.2 起升链条 17
4.4 本章小结 17
第5章 夹持机构设计 18
5.1 夹持机构方案设计 18
5.1.1 夹持原理 18
5.1.2 夹持机构尺寸确定 18
5.2 夹持机构关键零部件选型 19
5.2.1 货叉设计 19
5.2.2 推动气缸设计 20
5.3 本章小结 22
第6章 总结与展望 23
6.1 总结 23
6.2 展望 23
参考文献 24
致谢 26
附录 27
第1章 绪论
1.1 课题研究的背景和意义
根据公安部交通管理局2020年1月发布的数据,2019年,全国机动车保有量达3.48亿辆,其中汽车保有量达2.6亿辆;机动车驾驶人达4.35亿人,其中汽车驾驶人3.97亿。由此可见,停车难的问题日益凸显,尤其是大城市,可开发土地少,停车位的数量非常有限,难以满足需求。另外,停车难问题也给社会带来了很大的经济损失和安全隐患,很大一部分交通流量就是由于找不到停车位而导致的,造成不必要的资源浪费;而停车位不足也导致了停车空间不足,对于一些停车技术不好的驾驶员而言,很容易出现停车事故,也造成了很大的损失。
进入二十一世纪以来,随着机器人技术逐渐成熟,给解决这一难题提供了新的思路。AGV(自动引导车)是移动机器人的一种,已经广泛应用于物流行业,而停车AGV作为一个新兴行业,处于高速发展的阶段。停车AGV对于解决停车难问题有着显著的效果,一方面,对于传统停车场而言,相邻两台车之间会预留适当的开门空间,而应用停车AGV进行停车可以节省这一部分空间,从而增加了停车场的容纳能力,提高土地利用率;另一方面,运用停车AGV停车,可以避免安全事故的发生,并且缩短了停车时间,大大提升了停车效率,改善了停车秩序。