6m纯电动公交车身总布置设计毕业论文
2021-11-07 20:56:04
摘 要
电动公交客车是高科技产品,其具有综合性,除底盘、电动机和电池部分外,许多高新技术也蕴藏在车身设计之中。相比于提高电池储能能力,通过改良车身设计来实现节能更加容易,采用镁、铝、优质钢材及复合材料等轻量化且强度足够的材料,优化结构,通常可减轻30%到50%电动公交车自身质量:采用高弹滞材料制成的高气压子午线轮胎,可使公交的滚动阻力减少50 %。所以车身的设计对整车设计而言都显得十分重要。本次电动公交车总布置设计依据的是公交车身设计方法的原则,然后进行整车坐标零线的确定和车身总布置参数的确定。还应在满足人机工程学所规定的最舒适姿势对整车车身进行总布置设计,包括驾驶区、乘员区、车门车窗和车身外围设计等。然后通过CATIA人机工程校核进行驾驶员的视野校核(包括上下视野和后视镜视野),和踏板的校核,并进行优化,使其达到相关规格要求。
关键词:电动公交、车身总布置设计、人机工程校核
Abstract
Electric buses and buses are high-tech products, which are comprehensive. In addition to the chassis, motors and batteries, many high-tech technologies are also embedded in the body design. Compared with improving battery energy storage capacity, it is easier to achieve energy saving by improving the body design, using lightweight, strong materials such as magnesium, aluminum, high-quality steel and composite materials, and optimizing the structure, which can usually reduce 30% to 50% electric The quality of the bus itself: the use of high-pressure radial tires made of highly elastic materials can reduce the rolling resistance of the bus by 50%. Therefore, the design of the body is very important to the design of the vehicle. The general layout design of the electric bus is based on the principles of the bus body design method, and then the determination of the zero line of the vehicle coordinates and the determination of the overall layout parameters of the body. The overall layout design of the vehicle body should also be carried out in the most comfortable posture that meets the requirements of ergonomics, including the driving area, occupant area, door and window design, and body exterior design. Then through the CATIA ergonomics check to check the driver's field of view (including the upper and lower field of view and rearview mirror field of view), and the check of the pedal, and optimize it to meet the relevant specifications.
Keywords: electric bus, overall layout design, ergonomics check
目录
第一章 绪论 1
第二章 车身外围设计 1
2.1前后围设计 1
2.1.1蒙皮设计 1
2.1.2前后风窗玻璃设计 3
2.2车身侧围设计 4
2.2.1侧围蒙皮设计 4
2.2.2公交乘客门的设计 5
2.2.3公交的侧窗设计 6
2.3车身顶盖蒙皮设计 7
第三章 车身内饰设计 8
3.1空调风道设计 8
3.2公交仪表台设计 9
3.3公交座椅结构及安装 10
3.3.1 公交的乘客座椅 11
3.3.2 公交的驾驶人座椅 12
第四章 车身附件设计 13
4.1护栏及扶手 13
4.2安全顶窗 14
4.3后视镜 15
4.4破窗器 16
第五章 车身总布置 16
5.1车身总体尺寸 16
5.2踏步尺寸的确定 16
5.3乘员区布置 17
5.3.1乘客座间距布置 17
5.3.2车内地板的布置 17
5.4公交车空调布置 17
5.5.1客车的制冷空调 18
5.5.2空调的布置 19
5.6驾驶区布置及校核 19
5.6.1驾驶人H点的布置定位 19
5.6.2驾驶人眼椭圆 21
5.6.3基于驾驶人眼椭圆的视野设计 21
5.6.4视野校核及优化 23
5.6.5踏板校核及优化 32
第六章 结论 43
参考文献 44
致谢 45
第一章 绪论
随着世界各国开始减少化石能源的使用比例,新能源公交车逐渐开始崭露头角,在公交市场所占的份额越来越大,在国民交通中的地位也越来越明显,越来越突出,整个行业都呈现蒸蒸向上的发展趋势,而电动公交车作为新能源公交中最重要的车型,其发展的态势对整个国民交通都有着举足轻重的作用。本次设计的6m纯电动公交车,便是具有代表性的车型,设计出有经济型和实用性的车身对整个行业都十分有意义。
第二章 车身外围设计
2.1前后围设计
2.1.1蒙皮设计
前后围蒙皮是车身中重要的覆盖件,其制作水平直接反映了车身造型效果和工艺水平。目前所用的材料有两种:钢板和玻璃钢。在国外,尤其是欧洲,公交的前后蒙皮都采用玻璃钢,在国内则是钢板和玻璃钢并存。
玻璃钢的优点:
① 造型容易且变形快。