摘 要

Abstract 2

1. 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景 1

1.2 本文研究的目的和研究意义 1

1.3 国内外研究现状 1

1.4 研究的思路和采取的技术方案 2

1.5 本文研究的主要内容和结构安排 3

2. 单一型生产线平衡问题的概念和优化模型 4

2.1 生产线平衡的基本概念 4

2.1.1 生产线的基本原理 4

2.1.2 生产线的基本特征 4

2.1.3 生产线的分类 5

2.2 生产线平衡问题的概念和分类 6

2.2.1 生产线平衡问题的概念 6

2.2.2 生产线平衡问题的分类 6

2.3 单一型生产线平衡问题建立数学模型 7

2.4 本章小结 8

3. 多目标决策的生产线平衡问题及优化建模 10

3.1 引言 10

3.2 线性规划模型在生产线平衡问题中的局限性 10

3.3 基于多目标决策的生产线平衡问题的优化建模 11

3.3.1 遗传算法 11

3.3.2 多目标决策的生产线平衡问题的数学规划模型 11

3.3.3 多目标决策的生产线平衡问题的数学模型求解 12

3.4 本章小结 13

4. 结论和展望 14

4.1 总结 14

4.2 研究展望 14

参考文献 16

致 谢 18

附录 19

附录一 19

附录二 20

附录三 21

摘 要

在产品的生产制造中，为科学高效地提高生产效率，生产线平衡问题一直作为一个核心问题被广泛的研究。本文指出单一目标模型的限制性，以及研究多目标决策模型的必要性，借助软件LINGO和PYTHON对基于单目标和多目标决策的生产线平衡问题进行建模，其中多目标主要是对工作站数目，节拍时间和工作站负荷的优化。并且对单一目标生产线平衡和多目标生产线平衡两种不同的模型进行了比较，所得结果对于生产线平衡问题的建模具有重要的指导意义。

论文主要对生产线和生产线平衡问题的概念和分类进行了介绍，以基本生产线平衡问题为研究对象，对单一型生产线平衡问题建立模型并用LINGO求解，讨论了单一型的生产线平衡问题的局限性。再对多目标决策的生产线平衡问题的建模，介绍了遗传算法的概念和主要步骤，通过PYTHON编写优化模型求解。

研究结果表明：对多目标决策生产线平衡问题的研究在实际应用中是有重要意义的。尤其是面对当今更市场化的需求，多目标决策相对单一型生产线平衡占据更大的优势，有利于提高生产线的总体效率。

最后基于本文的研究和讨论做出总结，对生产线平衡问题的未来研究方向提出展望。对生产线平衡问题的研究可以不只是直线型生产线，应该对更复杂布局甚至是多产品，有资源约束的问题进行研究；以及寻求算法的进一步改进，提高生产线平衡的效率。

本文对于多目标决策生产线平衡问题的研究较好的达到了研究目的，有利于加深本人对生产线平衡问题的理解，也为以后对这方面问题的更深入研究打下了基础。

关键词：生产线平衡；多目标决策；遗传算法；LINGO；PYTHON

Abstract

For the purpose of improving production efficiency scientifically and efficiently During the production of products, the researchers have been widely studied line balancing problem as a core issue. This paper points out the limitations of the single-objective model and the necessity of studying multi-objective decision-making models. With the help of software LINGO and PYTHON, it modeled the production line balancing problem based on single-objective and multi-objective decision-making, which including the optimization of workstations number, task time of line and load of workstations. By comparing the model of single-target line balancing problem with multi-target, we can get the results that are significant to understanding the modeling of line balancing problems.

The thesis mainly introduces the concept and classification of production line and line balancing problems, it establishes a model for single line balancing problem by LINGO, which takes basic production line balancing problems as research objects. Besides, it discusses the limitations of single line balancing problems. Then it shows the model of the multi-objective decision-making production line balancing problem, introduced the concept and main steps of genetic algorithm, and the optimization model is written and solved by PYTHON.

The results of the study show that the research on the balance of multi-objective decision-making production lines is of great significance in practical applications. Especially facing more market-oriented demands in nowadays, multi-objective decision-making has a greater advantage over single line balancing, which is conducive to improving the overall efficiency of the production line.

Finally, based on the research and discussion, it is not so difficult to make a conclusion in this paper, and it helps us to propose the future research about line balancing problem. The researches on the line balancing problem should be studied not only a linear production line, but also a line which consist of more complex layout or even produce multi-product, constrain resource. Besides, it is of great necessary to perfect the algorithm, which result in the improvement of the line balancing efficiency.