摘 要

武汉市作为中国发展的前端城市，人口处于不断的增加之中。因此，武汉市交通的压力越来越大。即使私家车持有量也有增加，但公共交通的压力还是逐年变大。因此，武汉市在公共交通方面需要寻求发展。公交车作为公共交通中主要的组成部分，其发展情况也更需要我们注意。城市化带来了许多新的挑战和问题，在这个背景下不少城市开始主动寻求发展新能源公交系统的际遇，在缓解交通压力的同时减少污染排放，从而衍生出对新能源公交车选型的新课题。在多种不同的公交选型中，本文选择燃料电池公交车这一对象进行具体分析。

与目前传统混合动力公交车的特点进行了对比,燃料电池混合动力公交车具有零排放、加氢使用时间短、续驶时间和里程更长等优势,非常好地符合目前新能源电动汽车大规模生产和推广应用的理想经济效果。而和同为新能源动力公交车的电动公交车和其他使用混合动力的公交车进行对比,其在经济性能、环保等各个方面也同样具有一定的优势。因此,在近几年国内外很多公交车企业将新能源燃料电池公交车的应用作为了研究和发展的重点和方向,也在很多国家和城市都投放了燃料电池公交车进行了试运营。基于旨在实现新能源公交车应用技术的变革和推动新能源的发展,从而进一步达到节省成本、提高效率的重大突破的战略目标下,在本文中我们就如何选择新一代燃料电池公交车进行了讨论和分析。本文从前期的技术成本、运营管理成本、维护管理成本三个方面分别着手对新一代燃料电池混合动力公交车的运营管理成本和特点进行了总结和分析归纳;从其经济的收益和环保的收益两个方面对新一代燃料电池混合动力公交车的经济效益实现角度和特点进行了总结和分析归纳。

本文主要通过对武汉市氢燃料电池公交车的有关成本和其效益的分析以及相关研究文献和数据进行了总结,分析、比较,估算得出大致的结果,将其中部分的数据与普通燃油电池公交车的有关成本对应文献和数据结果进行了对比。在综合分析和比较判断的相关数据基础上,进而深入研究提出关于在湖北省武汉市使用和推广的氢燃料电池公交车的有关成本与其效益的情况,从而对于武汉市目前发展和使用氢燃料电池公交车的情况提出了建议和改进意见。

关键词：燃料电池公交车；经济；环保

Abstract

As the front-end city of China's development, Wuhan's population is in constant increase. Therefore, the traffic pressure in Wuhan is increasing. Even though the ownership of private cars has increased, the pressure of public transport is still increasing year by year. Therefore, Wuhan needs to seek development in public transport. As the main part of public transport, the development of bus needs our attention. Urbanization has brought many new challenges and problems. In this context, many cities have begun to actively seek the opportunities of developing new energy public transport system, to alleviate the traffic pressure while reducing pollution emissions, thus deriving a new topic of new energy bus selection. In a variety of different types of public transport, this paper chooses the fuel cell bus as the object for specific analysis.

Compared with the characteristics of the traditional hybrid bus, the fuel cell hybrid bus has the advantages of zero emission, short hydrogenation time, longer driving time and mileage, which is very good in line with the ideal economic effect of large-scale production and application of new energy electric vehicles. Compared with the electric bus and other hybrid buses, it has some advantages in economic performance, environmental protection and other aspects. Therefore, in recent years, many bus companies at home and abroad have taken the application of new energy fuel cell buses as the focus and direction of research and development, and also put fuel cell buses into trial operation in many countries and cities. Based on the strategic goal of realizing the transformation of new energy bus application technology and promoting the development of new energy, so as to further achieve the major breakthrough of cost saving and efficiency improvement, this paper discusses and analyzes how to select a new generation of fuel cell bus. This paper summarizes and analyzes the operation and management costs and characteristics of the new generation of fuel cell hybrid bus from three aspects: technology cost, operation and management cost, maintenance and management cost; From the two aspects of economic benefits and environmental protection benefits, this paper summarizes and analyzes the economic benefits and characteristics of the new generation fuel cell hybrid bus.

This paper mainly summarizes, analyzes and compares the cost and benefit of the hydrogen fuel cell bus in Wuhan and the relevant research literature and data, and estimates the approximate results. Some of the data are compared with the cost-effective literature and data results of the common fuel cell bus. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis and comparative judgment of the relevant data, and then in-depth study on the use and promotion of hydrogen fuel cell buses in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, the relevant cost and benefit situation, so as to put forward suggestions and improvement suggestions for the current development and use of hydrogen fuel cell buses in Wuhan city.

Key words：Fuel cell bus；Economy；Environmental protection

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 选题目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 主要内容和研究方法 2

第2章 武汉市发展燃料电池公交车的背景 3

2.1 武汉市交通发展现状 3

2.2 武汉市发展燃料电池公交车的情况 3

2.3 燃料电池公交车发展现状 3

2.4 我国现有城市推广燃料电池公交车的范例 4

2.5 国外现有城市推广燃料电池公交车的范例 5

第3章 武汉市推广燃料电池公交车的成本分析 7

3.1 燃料电池公交车的前期成本 7

3.2 燃料电池公交车的运营成本 8

3.3 燃料电池公交车的维护成本 9

第4章 武汉市推广燃料电池公交车效益分析 10

4.1 燃料电池公交车的经济利润 10

4.2 燃料电池公交车的环保收益 10

第5章 全文总结与研究展望 15

5.1 全文总结 15

5.2对武汉市推广燃料电池公交的策略建议 15

5.3 研究展望 16

参考文献 17

致谢 18

第1章 绪论

1.1 选题目的及意义

近年来,中国的经济和人口得到了持续的增长,在公共交通专用车方面的压力和需求也越来越大,虽然对私家车的持有量不断大幅增加,但无法完全满足大幅增加的公共交通压力和需要。在这种经济发展背景下,中国的各个地区和城市对于公共交通的压力和需要也是越来越大。比如武汉在近年来不断的发展,人口已经到达近1000万,而公交车系统作为广大武汉市民的重要公共代步交通工具,需要更快的发展。中国的城市化也带来了新的社会挑战和新的经济发展问题,不少企业和城市政府开始主动的寻求改造和发展纯电动和新能源的公交系统,想要在有效缓解公共交通经济发展压力的同时减少污染气体的排放。因此衍生涌现出对于新能源公交车如何选型的广泛讨论和深入研究。当前,纯电动公交车、混合动力公交车和氢燃料电池动力公交车是新能源公交车中目前广受市场和人们广泛认可欢迎程度较高的三种选型。本文选择氢燃料电池公交车这一研究对象进行了具体分析。

燃料电池公交车造成的污染排放更少，加氢时间相对于加油时间更短，理想状态下非常符合新能源汽车大规模推广应用的效果。且燃料电池公交车与纯电动和混合动力公交车相比，在性能、环保等方面也有一定优势。因此国内外很多企业将燃料电池公交车作为研究发展的方向。在基于实现公交车技术变革和能源发展，从而达到节省成本、提高效率的突破的目标下，在本文中我们选择燃料电池进行讨论分析。本文从前期成本、运营成本、维护成本三个方面着手对燃料电池公交车的成本进行总结和归纳；从经济收益和环保收益两个方面对燃料电池公交车的效益角度进行总结和归纳。