论文总字数：27706字

摘 要

大功率甚低频天线通信系统作为一种优点突出的通信手段，在正常工作时，其天线末端处于交变的高场强环境下。当天线末端的电场强度过高时，可能会产生电晕放电现象，从而导致功率损耗、无线电干扰和噪声污染等不利后果，严重时甚至可能会导致大功率甚低频天线系统停止正常工作。

为解决该问题，本文利用SOLIDWORKS建模软件和COMSOL仿真软件对甚低频通信天线末端的电场分布特性进行了仿真计算，然后通过粒子群优化算法对电晕环的结构参数进行了优化。本文首先研究了电晕环对天线末端电场强度的分布特性的影响，并进一步通过改变天线末端电晕环的环径、管径和罩深三个结构参数，对天线末端电场强度分布特性进行了研究。同时，通过粒子群优化算法对三个结构参数分别进行了优化，以期得到最优的结构参数，从而在最大程度上优化天线末端场强，避免温升过高。

通过仿真分析可以得到：在信号激励不变，并且天线及其均压金具的结构和材料参数保持一定的情况下，在天线末端加装电晕环后可以使其电场分布得到进一步的均匀化，并且能够大大降低因为介质损耗而导致温度升高。同时在对电晕环的结构参数进行研究后可以得知：电晕环的管径尺寸与甚低频通信天线末端电场强度变化呈负相关；电晕环环径尺寸也与甚低频通信天线末端场强变化几乎呈正相关；其罩深尺寸与天线末端场强也是密切相关。通过粒子群算法所得到的电晕环参数，可以使天线末端场强得到最大程度上的均匀化。

关键词：甚低频，天线，电晕环，电场，粒子群算法。

ABSTRACT

High power VLF antenna communication system is a kind of communication method with outstanding advantages. In normal operation, the antenna end is always in a high alternating field environment. When the electric field intensity at the end of the antenna is too high, corona discharge may occur, which may lead to power loss, radio interference, noise pollution and other adverse consequences, and even cause the high-power VLF antenna system to stop working normally.

In order to solve this problem, this paper uses SolidWorks modeling software and COMSOL simulation software to simulate the electric field distribution characteristics at the end of VLF communication antenna, and then optimizes the structural parameters of corona ring by particle swarm optimization algorithm. In this paper, the influence of corona ring on the distribution characteristics of the electric field intensity at the end of the antenna is studied firstly, and then the distribution characteristics of the electric field intensity at the end of the antenna are studied by changing the three structural parameters of the corona ring at the end of the antenna, i.e. the ring diameter, the pipe diameter and the cover depth. At the same time, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the three structural parameters respectively in order to get the optimal structural parameters, so as to optimize the field strength at the end of the antenna to the greatest extent and avoid excessive temperature rise.

Through the simulation analysis, it can be concluded that when the signal excitation is constant, and the structure and material parameters of the antenna and its pressure sharing hardware are kept constant, the electric field distribution can be further homogenized after the corona ring is installed at the end of the antenna, and the temperature rise caused by the dielectric loss can be greatly reduced. At the same time, after studying the structural parameters of the corona ring, we can know that: the diameter of the corona ring is negatively related to the change of the electric field intensity at the end of the VLF communication antenna; the diameter of the corona ring is almost positively related to the change of the electric field intensity at the end of the VLF communication antenna; its cover depth is also closely related to the electric field intensity at the end of the antenna. The parameters of corona ring obtained by particle swarm optimization algorithm can make the field strength at the end of antenna get the maximum homogenization.

Key word: very low frequency，aerial，electronics corona link, electric field , grain of subgroup algorithm.

目 录

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 主要研究工作内容 3

第二章 理论分析与仿真软件介绍 4

2.1 电场分布与温升的理论分析 4

2.1.1 电场分析 4

2.1.2 天线末端介质损耗功率 5

2.2 仿真软件介绍 6

2.2.1 SOLIDWORKS软件的介绍 6

2.2.2 COMSOL软件的介绍 6

第三章 电场仿真分析 8

3.1 天线、电晕环结构及模型 8

3.2 计算参数及边界条件 10

3.2.1 计算参数 10

3.2.2 边界条件 11

3.3 电场分布特性 12

3.4 电晕环结构参数对电场的影响 13

3.4.1 管径对场强的影响 14

3.4.2 罩深对场强的影响 16

3.4.3 环径对场强的影响 18

3.5 小结 21

第四章 基于粒子群算法的电晕环结构参数优化 22

4.1粒子群算法 22

4.2电晕环结构参数优化 22

4.3 仿真验证 27

4.4小结 28

第五章 总结与展望 29

5.1 总结 29

5.2 展望 29

参考文献 30

致 谢 32

附录A 33

第一章 绪 论

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