基于系统论的船舶碰撞事故特征分析毕业论文
2021-12-13 20:14:20
论文总字数:22317字
摘 要
从宏观和微观层面上看,船舶碰撞事故研究主要分为因果概率和几何概率,本文重点研究宏观层面上船舶碰撞事故的因果概率。从本质上讲,船舶碰撞事故在因果关系上往往由多个因素共同导致,其中从系统论的角度上来讲,主要涉及人、船、环境等多个方面,这些因素之间的相互作用对船舶碰撞事故风险起到了至关重要的作用,本文试图从已有的事故案例特征着手,进行船舶碰撞事故因果概率的研究,通过对历史事故相关关键因素的整理与分析,构造基于贝叶斯理论的底事件概率计算模型,并在现阶段规避单纯由专家主观权重造成的权重偏差影响,通过建立主观权重与客观权重调整模型,使船舶碰撞事故风险因果概率计算更加接近于真实。最后本文对计算结果进行分析,对总体事故呈现出的安全阈值进行界定,并通过算法力图寻找事故链状聚类特征。本文研究的主要内容包括:
(1)基于贝叶斯公式的因果概率量化,分析各个影响因子对碰撞事故概率的影响。
(2)利用主客观权重调整的方法,对事故影响因子的权重进行调整。
(3)对最终计算结果进行阈值分析和事故特征聚类分析以便找到一种基于船舶碰撞事故因果概率的事前预警方法。
关键词:船舶碰撞事故,风险,因果概率,环境因素
Abstract
From the macro and micro level, the study of ship collision accidents is mainly divided into causal probability and geometric probability. This paper focuses on the causal probability of ship collision accidents at the macro level. In essence, ship collision accidents are often caused by many factors. From the perspective of system theory, it mainly involves people, ship, environment and other aspects. The interaction between these factors plays an important role in the risk of ship collision accidents. This paper attempts to start from the characteristics of the existing accident cases to carry out the causes of ship collision accidents In the research of probability, through the sorting and analysis of the key factors related to historical accidents, the calculation model of bottom event probability based on Bayesian theory is constructed, and the influence of weight deviation caused by expert subjective weight is avoided at this stage. By establishing the adjustment model of subjective weight and objective weight, the calculation of causal probability of ship collision risk is closer to the reality. Finally, this paper analyzes the results of the calculation, defines the safety threshold of the overall accident, and tries to find the clustering characteristics of the accident chain through the algorithm. The main contents of this paper include:
(1)Based on the quantification of causality probability of Bayesian formula, the impact of various factors on the probability of collision accident is analyzed.
(2)Using the method of subjective and objective weight adjustment, the weight of accident influencing factors is adjusted.
(3)In order to find a pre-warning method based on the causal probability of ship collision accident, threshold analysis and clustering analysis of accident characteristics are carried out for the final calculation results.
Key Words:Ship collision accident, risk, causal probability, environmental factors
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 论文研究内容与结构 2
1.3.1 研究目标 2
1.3.2 研究内容 3
1.3.3 研究技术流程 3
第2章 船舶碰撞事故原因分析与因素筛选 5
2.1 碰撞事故原因分析 5
2.1.1 人为因素 5
2.1.2 船舶因素 5
2.1.3 环境因素 5
2.2 影响因素的筛选 6
第3章 基于贝叶斯公式推导的环境影响因素量化 7
3.1 环境影响因素量化 7
3.2 “等效”处理 7
3.3 各影响因素对事故概率的影响 8
3.4 事故链分析 14
3.5 小结 17
第4章 碰撞事故风险计算 18
4.1 碰撞事故风险定义 18
4.2 影响因素的权重调整 18
4.2.1 主观权重调整 18
4.2.2 客观权重调整 21
4.2.3 主、客观权重调整及归一化处理 23
4.3 碰撞事故风险计算与预警 24
第5章 结论与展望 25
参考文献 26
致谢 27
附录 28
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究背景与意义
1.1.1 研究背景
随着我国经济的发展以及全球化进程的加快,世界贸易需求增大,航运业得到了蓬勃发展,但同时由于船舶数量以及种类的增加,水上交通事故发生的频率也大大增加。水上交通事故一直具有高风险、高损失、救援难的特点。其中船舶碰撞事故往往会造成较高的人命财产安全损失,此外对海域环境影响十分严重。2018年我国共发生一般等级及以上中国籍运输船舶水上交通事故176件,同比下降10.2%;死亡失踪237人,同比上升24.7%;沉船83艘,同比上升3.8%;直接经济损失2.9亿元,同比上升5.5%[1]。其中船舶碰撞事故是水上交通事故中发生次数最多,危害性最大的事故。
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