银耳菌丝体中甲壳质分离及其抗菌性能评价毕业论文
2021-12-21 21:51:29
论文总字数:21007字
摘 要
甲壳质是基于N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖单体合成的天然多糖,是一种带正电的线性氨基聚合物,存在于有序的微纤维晶体结构中,在自然界中的存量非常丰富,制备原料较为廉价且易得,除了在甲壳类生物的外部骨骼组织中可以分离出甲壳质组分,此外甲壳质也能够在一些真菌的细胞壁中提取。银耳在液体深层发酵制备多糖时,功能多糖成分分泌到胞外,菌丝体成为副产物,1L发酵液可以产生干重为51.43g的银耳菌丝体,本文以此为原料通过碱提取的方式分离出甲壳质,并最终对其抗菌性能进行相应的评价。
首先对银耳菌丝体进行预处理,通过破壁制备得到银耳菌丝体的细胞壁,其次通过热水浸提的方式,然后在65℃的温水中运用1M NaOH提取4h,得到甲壳质粗品。利用甲壳质能够溶于强酸的特点,对甲壳质粗品进行进一步的纯化。由此制得甲壳质样品,并且计算出甲壳质的得率为7.928%,其中蛋白质含量占甲壳质样品干重的2.355%。此外还测量了粘均分子质量为58078Da,单糖组成分析表明分离出的甲壳质样品由葡萄糖和氨基葡萄糖组成。傅里叶红外(FT-IR)光谱分析、13C固态核磁共振分析证实了从银耳菌丝体中分离获得的甲壳质属于β-甲壳质,且乙酰化程度为66.93%。最后利用上述碱提取工艺所制备的甲壳质样品进行抗菌实验,实验结果表明,甲壳质能够有效地抑制大肠杆菌的增殖。
关键词:β-甲壳质 银耳菌丝体 结构分析 抗菌性能
Isolation of Chitin from Tremella mycelium and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Performance
Abstract
Chitin is a natural polysaccharide based on N-acetylglucosamine monomer. It is a positively charged linear amino polymer. It exists in an ordered microfiber crystal structure. It is abundant in nature. Raw materials for preparation are cheap and readily available. In addition to the crustacean exoskeleton tissue, some fungal cell walls also contain certain chitin components. In the process of submerged fermentation of Tremella fuciformis, the functional polysaccharide components were secreted out of the cell, and the mycelium becomes a by-product. The dry weight of the Tremella mycelium can be 51.43g in 1L fermentation liquid. In this paper, chitin was isolated from Tremella mycelium by alkaline extraction, and its antibacterial performance was evaluated accordingly.
First of all, the Tremella mycelium was pretreated, the cell wall of Tremella mycelium was obtained by breaking the wall. Then extracted by hot water, and reprocessed with 1M NaOH in 65 ° C for 4h to obtain the crude chitin. Based on the fact that chitin is soluble in strong acids, the crude chitin was further purified. The chitin sample was prepared and the yield of chitin was calculated to be 7.928%, in which the protein content was 2.355% of the dry weight of the chitin sample. In addition, the average molecular weight was 58078Da, Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the chitin sample was composed of glucose and glucosamine. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that chitin isolated from Tremella mycelia wasβ-chitin, and DA of 66.93%. Finally, the chitin samples prepared by the above-mentioned alkaline extraction process were used for antibacterial experiments. The experimental results showed that chitin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of E.coli.
Keywords: β-Chitin; Tremella mycelium; Structural Analysis; Antibacterial Performance
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1概述 1
1.1.1甲壳质的研究背景及意义 1
1.1.2真菌来源的甲壳质研究进展 2
1.1.3本研究的目的 3
1.2真菌来源的甲壳质提取工艺现状 4
1.2.1国内研究现状 4
1.2.2国外研究现状 5
第二章 材料与方法 7
2.1实验仪器及试剂 7
2.1.1原料 7
2.1.2试剂 7
2.1.3设备与仪器 8
2.2甲壳质的制备工艺 9
2.2.1银耳菌丝体的预处理 9
2.2.2甲壳质的提取 9
2.3甲壳质的化学结构表征 9
2.3.1蛋白质含量测定 9
2.3.2单糖组成分析 10
2.3.3红外光谱分析 10
2.3.4粘均分子量测定 11
2.3.5 13C固态核磁共振分析 11
2.4抗菌性能研究 12
2.4.1菌悬液的培养 12
2.4.2甲壳质溶液的制备 12
2.4.3平板抑菌测试 12
2.4.4液体培养基抑菌测试 12
第三章 结果与讨论 14
3.1银耳菌丝体中甲壳质的成分分析 14
3.2甲壳质的化学结构表征 14
3.2.1单糖组成 14
3.2.2红外光谱分析 15
3.2.3粘均分子量分析 16
3.2.4核磁共振分析 17
3.3抗菌性能评价 18
3.3.1平板抑菌测试分析 18
3.3.2液体抑菌测试分析 18
第四章 总结与前景展望 20
参考文献 21
致 谢 24
第一章 绪论
1.1概述
1.1.1甲壳质的研究背景及意义
甲壳质广泛存在于自然界之中,是一种基于N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖单体合成的天然多糖,主要存在于有序的微纤维晶体结构中,是除了纤维素之外,数量最多的一种线性氨基聚合物。甲壳质的外观呈现类白色,无特殊气味,也没有任何毒副作用,在纯水中、稀酸、碱溶液以及有机溶剂中呈现出不溶的特性,但是在强酸中可以有效地被溶解,是一种非常独特的可再生高分子材料。根据结晶度的不同,分为α-甲壳质、β-甲壳质、γ-甲壳质这三种构型,三者的物理化学特性也存在不相同的地方,其中α-甲壳质的数量为丰富,结构也最为稳定,β-甲壳质的层间氢键作用力不强,所以β-甲壳质更活泼、亲和作用更强,而γ-甲壳质则比较少见。
我国海域辽阔、资源丰富,大量废弃的虾壳、蟹壳是甲壳质可以源源不断提取的天然原料宝库。虾壳、蟹壳主要是以甲壳质为基本骨架辅之以必要的矿物质来增加外壳组织的强度,再利用蛋白质形成纤维结构进行相应的填充,所以以甲壳类生物为甲壳质提取原料时,主要是要注意做到矿物质与蛋白质的高脱除水平。
请支付后下载全文,论文总字数:21007字