论文总字数：16476字

摘 要

近年来，医患关系的特殊性以及医患双方的矛盾激化，导致“医闹”行为层出不穷。对此，2015年《刑法修正案（九）》将“医疗秩序”明确纳入聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的保护法益之中，但却未对“医闹”的定义以及“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的构成要件达成统一观点，这就使得实践处理中存有争议。

“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪保护的法益是社会层面和个人层面的双重法益。本罪在客观方面有三个认定要点：一是“聚众”；二是“情节严重”；三是“严重损失”。本罪的犯罪主体为一般主体，且处罚对象仅为首要分子和积极参加者。在司法实践中，应重点关注本罪与侵犯人身类犯罪、寻衅滋事罪等相关罪名的区分问题。

“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪目前尚存在与患者合理诉求区分不明确、量刑标准不统一的问题。司法机关应尽快明确“医闹”概念、统一入罪标准、发布典型指导案例为司法实践提供参考。同时，可以尝试建立第三方调解机制，从根源上为解决医疗纠纷提供多元化途径，也为司法认定提供专业的事实认定。

关键词：“医闹” 聚众扰乱社会秩序罪 入罪标准 完善建议

A study on the crime of "medical disturbance type" gathering people to disturb social order

ABSTRACT

The particularity of the doctor-patient relationship leads to the endless behaviors of "medical disturbance". In this regard, the criminal law amendment (IX) in 2015 explicitly included "medical order" into the legal interests of the crime of gathering people to disturb social order. However, the academic and practical circles have not reached a unified view on the definition of "medical disturbance" and the constitutive elements of "medical disturbance" crime of gathering people to disturb social order, which makes the practical treatment controversial.

The protection interest of the crime is a dual legal interest at the social and personal levels. There are three main points in the objective aspect of gathering people to disturb the medical order: first, gathering people; second, serious circumstances; third, serious losses. The subject of this crime is the general subject, and it only punishes the principal and active participants. Moreover, we should pay more attention to the distinction with other related crimes.

At present, there are still some problems in the crime of "medical disturbance" gathering to disturb the social order, such as the unclear distinction between the crime and the reasonable demands of patients, and the inconsistent sentencing standards. The judicial organ should make clear the concept of "medical trouble", unify the standard of entering crime, and issue typical guiding cases as soon as possible to provide reference for judicial practice. We can try to establish a third-party mediation mechanism, which can provide diversified ways to solve medical disputes from the root, and also provide professional facts for judicial determination.

Key Words: medical disturbance; Crime of gathering people to disturb social order; incriminate standard; Suggestions for improvement

目 录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

一、“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序行为入刑的背景与意义 1

（一）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序行为入刑的背景 1

（二）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序行为入刑的意义 2

二、“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的适用条件 3

（一）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪保护法益之辨析 3

1. 本罪保护的法益特性 3

2. 本罪保护的“医疗秩序”之范围界定 3

（二）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪客观方面之认定 4

1. 医闹的定义 4

2. 聚众的界定 5

3. 情节严重之辨析 7

4. 严重损失之辨析 8

（三）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪主体之认定 8

1. 本罪为一般主体 8

2. 首要分子的认定 9

3. 积极参加者的认定 9

三、“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪与他罪的界限 9

（一）与侵犯人身类犯罪的区分 9

（二）与寻衅滋事罪的区分 10

四、“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的认定困境与完善建议 10

（一）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的认定困境 11

1. 患者方合理诉求与“医闹”的差别界限不明 11

2. 定罪量刑标准不统一 11

（二）“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序罪的完善建议 12

1. 明确“医闹”概念及入罪标准 12

2. 建立第三方调解机制 13

参考文献 15

致 谢 16

一、“医闹型”聚众扰乱社会秩序行为入刑的背景与意义

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