论文总字数：23254字

摘 要

传统的活性染料染色过程需要电解质的存在，这可以减少纤维素纤维表面和活性染料分子之间的电荷排斥，使染料分子和纤维更容易结合，并最终促进染料在印染过程中的吸收。但是，在完成染色后的污水处理中，很难被去除。高浓度的电解质（100 g/L），这会造成严重的环境污染。因此，开发无盐染色的活性染料已成为主要的研究方向。最重要的是，含有阳离子基团的活性染料，可以在无盐条件下将棉纤维染色。

本文设计并合成三种不同颜色的阳离子活性染料。阳离子活性染料是以1-氨基蒽醌为染料母体，其中含有聚醚胺和季铵盐阳离子基团的一类染料。首先将1-氨基蒽醌进行季铵化改造，然后利用三聚氯氰作为连接基和反应性基团，将环氧氯丙烷和氯乙酰氯分别引入到染料结构中，制备出了三种不同颜色的Bola型阳离子活性染料。利用红外光谱和紫外光谱表征了合成的染料，主要研究了蓝色阳离子染料在无盐条件下对棉纤维的染色性能，考察各种染色条件对上染百分率和固色率的影响。

研究结果表明，当在无盐条件下用这类染料染色时，可以达到高耗竭率和高固色率。染色的水洗牢度结果极好。与传统的碱性染料相比，这种类型的染料在棉纤维素上的耐光性也得到了显著改善。此阳离子活性染料不仅具有较高的水溶性，而且由于其Bola结构，分子中含有2个一氯均三嗪活性剂，提高了其与纤维素之间的反应。与常规活性染料相比，阳离子活性染料不仅可以提供更简单的染色配方，而且还可能带来环境效益。

关键词：阳离子活性染料 聚醚胺 无盐染色 合成

Preparation of cationic reactive dyes

Abstract

The traditional reactive dye dyeing process requires the presence of electrolytes, which reduce the charge repulsion between the cellulose fiber surface and reactive dye molecules, make it easier for dye molecules and fibers to bond, and ultimately promote dye absorption during the dyeing process. However, it is difficult to remove in the sewage treatment after finishing dyeing. High concentration of electrolytes (100 g/L) will cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of non-

salt dyeing reactive dyes has become the main research direction. Most importantly, reactive dyes containing cationic groups can be used to dye cotton fibers in the absence of salt.

This paper designs and synthesizes three different colors of cationic reactive dyes. Cationic reactive dyes are based on 1-aminoanthraquinone as the dye matrix, which contains polyetheramine and quaternary ammonium salt cationic groups. First, 1-aminoanthraquinone was quaternized, and then cyanuric chloride was used as a linking group and a reactive group to introduce epichlorohydrin and chloroacetyl chloride into the dye structure. Three different types were prepared. Bola type cationic reactive dye of color. The synthetic dyes were characterized by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The dyeing performance of blue cationic dyes on cotton fibers under salt-free conditions was mainly studied. The effects of various dyeing conditions on dyeing percentage and fixing rate were investigated.

The research results show that when dyeing with such dyes under salt-free conditions, high depletion rates and high fixation rates can be achieved. The results of dyeing fastness to washing are excellent. Compared with traditional basic dyes, the light resistance of this type of dye on cotton cellulose has also been significantly improved. This cationic reactive dye not only has high water solubility, but because of its Bola structure, the molecule contains two monochlorotriazine active agents, which improves its reaction with cellulose. Compared with conventional reactive dyes, cationic reactive dyes can not only provide a simpler dyeing formula, but also may bring environmental benefits.

Keywords: Cationic reactive ；Polyetheramine ；dye Salt-free dyeing ；synthesis

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 活性染料 1

1.1.1活性染料国内外发展现状 1

1.1.2活性染料结构组成 1

1.1.3活性染料上染纤维机理 5

1.1.4 活性染料无盐染色现状 6

1.1.5其他实现无盐染色的方法 7

1.2 阳离子活性染料 8

1.2.1阳离子活性染料国内外发展现状 8

1.2.2阳离子活性染料的类型 9

1.2.3阳离子活性染料的制备 9

1.2.4阳离子活性染料的发展前景 13

1.3 Bola型电解质 13

1.3.1Bola电解质的概念 13

1.3.2 Bola型电解质合成 13

1.4 本课题的意义和研究内容 15

第二章 实验部分 16

2.1 药品和仪器 16

2.1.1药品 16

2.1.2仪器与设备 16

2.2 染料的合成 16

2.2.1阳离子活性染料的合成 16

2.2.2染料染色过程 18

2.2.3上染百分率测试 19

2.2.4染色织物色牢度评价 19

第三章 实验结果与讨论 20

3.1阳离子活性染料的理化性质及合成路线 20

3.1.1阳离子活性染料BCRD3的理化性质 20

3.1.2阳离子活性染料的合成路线 20

3.2 阳离子活性染料BCRD3结构表征 21

3.3 阳离子活性染料的K/S值 22

3.3.1时间与温度对染色性能的影响 22

3.3.2染料浓度对染色性能的影响 25

3.3.3 阳离子活性染料的耗竭百分比 26

3.4 阳离子活性染料的色牢度 27

第四章 结论与展望 28

4.1 结论 28

4.2 展望 28

参考文献 30

致谢 32

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