纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化降解多环芳烃的效果研究毕业论文
2021-12-29 21:35:06
论文总字数:32449字
摘 要
背景 在城市高速发展的同时,其生产生活过程必然伴随着大量的有机微污染物的产生,多环芳烃是其中最为常见的一种,它具有致突变(mutagenesis)、致癌(carcinogenesis)和致畸(teratogenesis)效应,这三种效应被统称为“三致作用”。并且多环芳烃在水中溶解度极差,往往吸附在污泥上,难以被去除。因此必须采用具有经济性,环境友好型的处理手段对污泥进行处理,使其以合适的方式再生回到自然环境中。
目的 本课题计划采用添加纳米材料的方法,增强污泥厌氧发酵同步产甲烷过程,并对各实验组污泥的理化性质,多环芳烃释放特点,微生物多样性指标进行考察,比较得出污泥厌氧发酵过程的最优添加剂。
方法 采用1L抽滤瓶,按一定比例加入城市污泥,石化污泥,接种污泥,并针对不同实验组分别加入不同的纳米材料,在氮气氛围下封装,37℃恒温发酵,测定每个发酵瓶的每日产气量,气体中甲烷含量,间隔一定时期对发酵瓶中污泥的COD值和多环芳烃分布进行监测,最后将发酵第一天,第七天和第十四天的污泥样品提取微生物16s rRNA,送交专业机构进行微生物多样性测试。
结果 我们发现纳米材料能有效的促进污泥厌氧消化产甲烷并提高系统中多环芳烃的降解率。添加纳米Fe2O3、纳米Fe3O4的实验组的甲烷产量分别比对照组提高了 160.2%和 149.96%;苯并[k]荧蒽的去除率为35.7 % 和 24.0%,分别比对照组提高了17.9 %和6.2 %。纳米材料的添加促进了多环芳烃从污泥固相向液相的转移。微生物多样性分析表明,纳米材料的添加促进了电子传递相关的微生物生长繁殖,从而提高了微生物对易降解部分多环芳烃的降解。
关键词:污泥 多环芳烃 厌氧发酵 纳米三氧化二铁 顺序分馏提取法
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the most common type of urban organic micro-pollutants(mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis), It is also difficult to dissolve in water and adsorbs on sludge, which is difficult to remove. Therefore, it must be properly treated at a low cost and through appropriate technical measures, so that the sludge can be reused or returned to the natural environment in a form that does not damage the environment.
Objective Our project plans to use the method of adding nano materials to enhance the anaerobic fermentation of sludge synchronous methanogenesis, and the physical and chemical properties of the sludge of each experimental group, the release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and microbial diversity indicators were investigated. Comparing the optimal additives for sludge anaerobic fermentation process
Methods Using a 1L suction filter bottle, add urban sludge, petrochemical sludge, inoculated sludge according to a certain proportion, and add different nano materials for different experimental groups. Encapsulated under a nitrogen atmosphere, fermented at a constant temperature of 37 ° C, measured the daily gas production of each fermentation bottle, the methane content in the gas, and monitoring the COD value and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution of the sludge in the fermentation bottle at regular intervals. The firdt day, the seventh day and the fourteenth day sludge samples were extracted for microorganisms 16s rRNA and sent to professional institutions for microbial diversity testing
Result we found that nano-materials can effectively promote the anaerobic digestion of sludge to produce methane and increase the degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the system. The distribution of methane production in the group added with ferric oxide and nano-ferric oxide increased 160.2% compared with the control And 149.96%, The removal rate of bkF was 35.7% and 24.0% in the group added with ferrous oxide and nano-iron tetroxide, respectively, which was 17.9% and 6.2% higher than the control group. The addition of nanomaterials promotes the transfer of refractory polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the easily degradable pool. Microbial diversity analysis shows that the addition of nanomaterials can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms related to electron transfer, thereby increasing the degradation of microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons .
Keywords: sludge, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anaerobic fermentation, nano-scale ferric oxide, sequential fractionation extraction method
目录
摘要 2
Abstract 3
第一章 前言 7
1.1污泥 7
1.1.1城市污泥 7
1.1.2石化污泥 8
1.1.3接种污泥 9
1.2多环芳烃 9
1.3厌氧消化降解多环芳烃及过程强化 11
1.4污泥中有机质和多环芳烃的分布规律 14
第二章 实验材料与方法 16
2.1污泥来源 16
2.2实验试剂与仪器 17
2.3发酵装置 18
2.4相关指标测定方法 19
2.4.1 TS,VS 19
2.4.2 COD 20
2.4.3 PAHs 20
2.4.5 PAHs和COD的连续萃取 20
2.4.6 DNA提取 21
第三章 结果与讨论 23
3.1纳米材料对污泥厌氧发酵TS、VS的影响 23
3.2纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化产气的影响 24
3.3纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的影响 25
3.4纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化气体产率的影响 27
3.5纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化降解COD影响 28
3.6纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化降解多环芳烃影响 30
3.6.1纳米材料对污泥厌氧消化降解多环芳烃效率分析 31
3.6.2纳米材料对污泥中多环芳烃分布影响分析 33
3.7生物多样性分析 35
3.8微生物群落分析 37
第四章 结论 42
参考文献 43
致谢 46
第一章 前言
1.1污泥
1.1.1城市污泥
城市污泥的产生伴随于城市污水处理厂处理污水的过程。污水处理根据处理方法不同可以分为三个步骤:一级处理主要采用物理手段,污水先通过隔栅去除大型固体垃圾例如石块等,然后再经沉淀去除密度较大的物质,最后通过气浮去除油脂和脂肪。二级处理主要借助微生物的作用,降解各种有毒有害的污染物,城市污泥即形成于此步骤。三级处理则是采用通氯气,紫外辐照等手段对污水进行深度的消毒处理[1]。
污水的生化处理属于二级处理,其主要目的是去除一些通过隔栅、沉淀和气浮过程无法去除,且具有生物可降解性的污染物。根据好氧/厌氧工序可分为AB法、A/O法、A2/O法。还可以根据建造方式分为氧化沟法、稳定塘法、土地处理法等。活性污泥法由于其占地面积小,经济成本低,后处理环节方便等诸多优点,已经成为普遍采用的方法,通过微生物的作用,可以使有机物得到分解,形成微生物胞体,将有机物转化为无害的气体,水和稳定的固体物质(生物污泥),生物污泥经沉淀池沉淀后,即可与污水分离从而达到水体净化的目的。
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