论文总字数：21300字

摘 要

仅用十年时间，钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率从3.8%飞速提升至25.2%。这得益于钙钛矿材料具有易成膜、带隙可调、吸光性能好、激子结合能低和载流子扩散长度长等优点。然而，在目前的钙钛矿电池研究中，仍然存在许多重复性差和稳定性低问题，需要解决这些问题，才能使钙钛矿太阳能电池实现工业化和商业化。针对上述问题，本文构建混合碳电极来提升器件的空穴抽取能力。具体工作内容如下：

基于掺杂NiO的高温介孔碳层和低温高导电性碳层构建混合碳电极。其中，掺NiO的高温介孔碳层具有较大的比表面积，因此可以进一步促进钙钛矿吸光层和碳对电极之间的接触和空穴抽取。高导电性商业碳层可以有效弥补由于在介孔碳中掺杂纳米NiO颗粒而导致器件串联电阻增大的不利影响。研究表明，与普通器件相比，基于混合碳电极器件的空穴抽取能力有所增强，载流子复合减少。具有混合碳电极器件的光电转化效率(PCE)达到11.67%，较未掺杂提升了14%。器件的开路电压衰减曲线表明具有混合碳电极的电池的开路电压下降速度较为迟缓，器件寿命较长。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试的结果显示，具有混合碳电极的电池器件具有低的传输电阻和高的复合电阻，因此导致电子复合速率变慢。

关键词：混合碳电极 钙钛矿太阳能电池 空穴传输

The Preparation of mixed carbon electrode and its application in solar cell

ABSTRACT

In just ten years, the photovoltaic efficiency of perovskite solar cells has soared from 3.8% to 25.2%. This is due to the advantages of perovskite materials such as easy film formation, adjustable band gap, good light absorption performance, low exciton binding energy and long carrier diffusion length. However, in the current research of perovskite cells, there are still many problems of poor repeatability and low stability, which need to be solved before the perovskite solar cells can be industrialized and commercialized. To solve the above problems, a hybrid carbon electrode was constructed to improve the hole extraction capability of the device. The specific work contents are as follows:

Mixed carbon electrode was constructed based on high temperature mesoporous carbon layer doped with NiO and low temperature high conductivity carbon layer. Among them, the high temperature mesoporous carbon layer doped with NiO has a large specific surface area, so it can further promote the contact between perovskite absorbing layer and carbon to electrode and hole extraction. The highly conductive commercial carbon layer can effectively compensate for the adverse effect of increasing the series resistance of devices due to the doping of nanometer NiO particles in the mesoporous carbon. The results show that compared with common devices, the hole extraction capacity of the hybrid carbon electrode devices is improved and carrier recombination is reduced. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device with mixed carbon electrode is 11.67%, which is 14% higher than that of the undoped one. The open circuit voltage attenuation curve of the device shows that the open circuit voltage of the battery with mixed carbon electrode drops slowly and the device has a long life. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests have shown that battery devices with mixed carbon electrodes have low transmission resistance and high composite resistance, resulting in slower electronic recombination rates.

Key Words: Mixed carbon electrode; Perovskite solar cell; Hole transport

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

ABSTACT Ⅱ

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2钙钛矿太阳能电池概述 1

1.2.1钙钛矿结构 1

1.2.2钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展 2

1.2.3器件结构 4

1.2.4器件工作原理 5

1.3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法 6

1.3.1 一步溶液法 6

1.3.2 两步溶液法 6

1.3.3 蒸发法 6

1.3.4 溶液-气相沉积法 6

1.4论文选题和研究内容 7

第二章 实验部分 8

2.1实验试剂 8

2.2实验步骤 9

2.2.1 FTO导电基底的清洗 9

2.2.2 ZrO₂浆料的制备 9

2.2.3高温碳浆料的制备 9

2.2.4电池器件的组装 9

2.3分析与表征 10

第三章 结果与讨论 12

第四章 总 结 18

参 考 文 献 19

致 谢 22

第一章 绪论

1.1 引言

近几十年来，全球总人数不断增长，意味着资源的人均占有率在减少，同时环境污染问题日益严重。目前，人类主要消耗石油、煤、天然气等不可再生的化石燃料。然而想要持续的生存和发展，我们还需要大量的能源，所以人类在不断的开发新能源来满足的需求。

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