论文总字数：19653字

摘 要

膜分离技术作为一种新型的分离技术，已经成为分离工程中一种重要的手段，其中，陶瓷膜以其独特的材料优势，在化工、生物、医药、食品等领域应用广泛。而膜生物污染的存在致使膜渗透通量和分离性能下降，阻碍膜技术在实际体系的应用，尤其对于复杂的中医药体系，如何高效、安全的分离出有效物质是中医药领域的共性关键问题，膜的抗生物污染研究对于膜技术在制药工业上的大规模应用推广与促进制药工艺升级具有重大意义。本文以中医药精制过程中的膜生物污染为研究背景，探究陶瓷膜孔径以及操作条件等与溶质的作用机制，在精准调控膜面条件下减轻陶瓷膜生物污染，优化陶瓷膜与制药工艺的匹配。

为考察陶瓷膜孔径与体系的作用关系，本文选取了BSA体系和BSA与果糖的混合体系，分别用孔径10 nm和 100 nm的陶瓷膜对两种体系进行过滤操作，10 nm的陶瓷膜在两种体系均表现出更好的分离性能，均在0.3 MPa到0.35 MPa之间出现临界压力，且综合考虑膜通量和BSA的截留率，孔径10 nm的膜在混合体系的表现更为优异。

为优化牛血清白蛋白体系下的操作压力和错流速率，采用孔径10 nm的陶瓷膜过滤0.2 g·L^-1的BSA溶液，发现膜渗透率随着操作压力的增加而减小，压力的变化对BSA的截留率影响较小，最佳操作压力为0.2 MPa；当错流速率增大时，膜渗透率增加，BSA的截留率有所降低，得出最佳错流速率为1.4 m·s^-1。

关键词：陶瓷膜 抗生物污染 临界压力 牛血清白蛋白

Evaluation of anti-bovine serum protein contamination in ceramic ultrafiltration membrane

Abstract

As a new separation technology, membrane separation technology has become an important method in separation engineering. Particularly, ceramic membrane is widely applied to chemical industry, bioengineering, pharmaceutical science, food and other fields on account of its characteristic material advantages. The existence of membrane biological fouling results in the decrease of membrane permeation flux and separation performance, which impedes the application of membrane technology, particularly for complex traditional Chinese medicine system. How to separate effective substances efficiently and safely is a common pivotal problem in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The research on anti-biological fouling of membrane is of great significance for the large-scale application and promotion of membrane technology in pharmaceutical industry and the upgrading of pharmaceutical process. Based on the research background of membrane biofouling in the refining process of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper explores the relationship mechanism between ceramic membrane pore size and operating conditions and solute. And reduces ceramic membrane biofouling under the condition of precise parameter control of membrane surface, promoting the application of ceramic membrane in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

In order to research the relationship between the pore size of ceramic membrane and the solution, bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and the mixed solution of BSA with fructose were selected. The ceramic membranes with pore size of 10 nm and 100 nm were used to filter the two kinds of solution respectively. The ceramic membrane with pore size of 10 nm showed better separation performance in both solutions, and the critical pressure was between 0.3 MPa and 0.35 MPa. In consideration of the membrane flux and the rejection rate of BSA, the membrane with pore size of 10 nm performs better in the mixed solution.

In order to optimize the operating pressure and cross flow rate in BSA solution, a ceramic membrane with pore size of 10 nm was used to filter 0.2 g·L^-1 BSA solution. It was found that the membrane permeability decreased with the increase of operating pressure, and the change of pressure had little effect on the rejection rate of BSA, and the best operating pressure was 0.2 MPa. When the cross-flow rate increases, the membrane permeability increases and the rejection rate of BSA decreases. And it is concluded that the best cross-flow rate at 1.4 m·s^-1.

Key Words: Ceramic membrane; Anti-biological fouling; Critical pressure; Bovine serum albumin

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 膜分离技术及其生物污染 1

1.2 陶瓷膜生物污染影响因素 1

1.3 陶瓷膜生物污染缓解措施 3

1.3.1 原料液预处理 3

1.3.2 开发新型的抗生物污染膜 3

1.3.3 污染膜的清洗 4

1.4 陶瓷膜在中药制药工艺的应用 4

1.5 本文的研究思路与内容 5

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 试剂与仪器 7

2.1.1 试剂 7

2.1.2 仪器 7

2.1.3 膜组件参数 7

2.2 装置与流程 8

2.2.1 实验装置 8

2.2.2 实验流程 9

2.2.3 结果检测 10

2.3 数据分析 10

2.3.1 膜通量 10

2.3.2 渗透率 11

2.3.2 截留率 11

第三章 结果与讨论 12

3.1 陶瓷膜SEM表征 12

3.2 膜孔与体系作用关系考察 13

3.2.1 牛血清白蛋白体系 13

3.2.2 牛血清白蛋白和果糖混合体系 15

3.3 操作条件考察 17

3.3.1 操作压力 17

3.3.2 错流速率 19

第四章 结论与展望 21

4.1 结论 21

4.2 创新性 21

4.3 展望 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第一章 文献综述

1.1 膜分离技术及其生物污染

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