论文总字数：19114字

摘 要

近些年来，中国轨道交通发展迅速，受地铁建造数量影响的交通发达程度逐渐成为城市经济实力衡量的标准，而随着地铁线路的增加，换乘站的数量也在不断增多，规模也越来越大，内部的结构也更加复杂，这对地铁换乘站火灾时通风排烟系统的技术要求会更高。据了解，国内外学者已经对单个普通地铁站或换乘站的防排烟系统优化设计做了很多研究，但针对空气流动更为复杂的中庭式地铁站火灾的深入研究涉及较少，因此，本文将在探究中庭式地铁站火灾烟气特性的基础上，寻找最适合中庭式地铁站不同火源情况下的防排烟模型。

本文以某地下三层十字型中庭地铁站为基础模型，采用FDS（Fire Dynamics Simulator）火灾模拟软件建模，对站厅层和站台层在不同排烟模型情况下的火灾烟气特征进行探究和比较，并以此为基础，寻找出适合该中庭式地铁站的最佳的防排烟模型。主要探究内容如下：

1. 依照规范要求的1m³/m²·min的排烟量，设置三种不同的排烟位置：无排烟；启用站台层和轨顶排烟系统；启用站厅层、站台层和轨顶排烟系统。通过对比无排烟条件和有排烟系统条件下的烟气特征，在有排烟的条件下，疏散条件有明显改善；基于规范的防排烟模型无法完全满足站台层火灾时人员的安全疏散；设置的新的排烟位置对中庭式地铁站站台层火灾有良好的烟气控制效果。
2. 由于优化的排烟位置完全满足疏散要求，本文以缩小风量的方式，减小排烟的功耗以寻找优化的排烟模式，缩小风量为原来的50%和75%，探究结果显示0.75m³/m²·min的排烟能够保证人员的安全疏散，也照顾到了功耗的问题，以此作为优化的排烟模式。
3. 因为地铁火灾不仅会发生在站台层，所以本文探究了基于站台层火灾得出的优化的排烟模式对站厅层火灾的适用性。研究结果表明，优化的排烟模式完全满足站厅层的火灾要求。

关键词：地铁火灾 十字型中庭地铁换乘站 软件模拟 烟气特性 排烟优化

abstract

In recent years, China's rail transit has developed rapidly, and the degree of transportation development affected by the number of subway construction has gradually become the standard for measuring the economic strength of the city. With the increase of subway lines, the number of transfer stations is also increasing, and the scale is also increasing.The larger, the more complicated the internal structure, which will have higher technical requirements for the ventilation and smoke exhaust system in the subway transfer station fire.It is understood that scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the optimal design of the smoke prevention and exhaust system of a single ordinary subway station or transfer station, but in-depth research on the fire of the atrium subway station with more complicated air flow involves less. Therefore,In this paper, on the basis of exploring the fire smoke characteristics of the atrium subway station, we will find the most suitable smoke prevention and exhaust model for the atrium subway station under different fire sources.

This article takes a three-story underground atrium subway station as the basic model and uses FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) fire simulation software to model the fire smoke characteristics of the station hall floor and platform floor under different smoke exhaust models. Compare, and on this basis, find the best smoke control model suitable for the atrium subway station.The main contents of the inquiry are as follows:

1. According to the required 1m3/m2•min smoke exhaust volume, three different smoke exhaust positions are set: no smoke exhaust; the platform floor and rail top smoke exhaust system is activated; the station hall level, platform floor and rail roof smoke exhaust system are activated . By comparing the flue gas characteristics under no-smoke conditions and smoke-exhaust system conditions, the evacuation conditions have been significantly improved under the smoke-exhaust conditions; the model-based smoke-exhaust model cannot fully meet the safety evacuation of personnel in the platform fire The new smoke exhaust location has good smoke control effect on the fire of platform floor of atrium subway station.
2. Since the optimized smoke exhaust position fully meets the evacuation requirements, this paper reduces the power consumption of smoke exhaust in order to find the optimized smoke exhaust mode by reducing the air volume. The reduced air volume is 50% and 75% of the original. m2•min's smoke exhaust can ensure the safe evacuation of personnel, and also take into account the problem of power consumption, as an optimized smoke exhaust mode.
3. Because subway fires not only occur on the platform floor, this paper explores the applicability of the optimized smoke exhaust model based on the platform floor fire to the station floor fire. The results of the study show that the optimized smoke exhaust mode fully meets the fire requirements of the station hall floor.

Keywords: subway fire, cross-shaped atrium subway transfer station, software simulation, smoke characteristics, smoke exhaust optimization

目录

摘要 I

abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2地铁火灾发生时的特点 2

1.3国内外地铁火灾研究现状 3

1.4本文研究的内容及方法 4

1.4.1研究内容 4

1.4.2研究方法 5

第二章 中庭式地铁换乘站的模型建立 6

2.1软件介绍 6

2.2模型建立及参数设置 6

2.3烟气参数选定 8

2.4烟气参数控制的的标准 8

2.5网格划分 9

2.6网格边界设定 9

第三章 地铁站台层火灾发生时不同排烟位置的排烟特性 10

3.1火场环境设置 10

3.2三种排烟方式的参数设置 11

3.3模拟结果分析 11

3.3.1排烟位置对排烟的影响 11

3.3.2排烟位置对人眼特征高度处温度的影响 13

3.3.3排烟位置对人眼特征高度处CO浓度的影响 15

3.3.4排烟位置对人眼特征高度处能见度的影响 19

第四章 地铁站台层火灾发生时不同排烟量的火灾特性 22

4.1不同排烟量参数的设置 22

4.2模拟结果分析 22

4.2.1排烟量对人眼特征高度处温度的影响 22

4.2.2排烟位置对人眼特征高度处CO浓度的影响 24

第五章 不同火源位置下优化的排烟系统的适用性 27

5.1火源环境 27

5.2排烟参数设置 27

5.3模拟结果分析 28

5.3.1优化的排烟模式对烟气蔓延的影响 28

5.3.2优化的排烟模式对温度的影响 29

5.3.3优化的排烟模式对CO浓度的影响 30

5.3.4优化的排烟模式对能见度的影响 31

第六章 总结 32

参考文献 33

致谢 34

第一章 引言

1.1研究背景及意义

1.1.1研究背景

随着城市的地上空间不断饱和，交通拥堵越发突出，越来越多的城市将视线投到了地下空间的开发。

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