论文总字数：22381字

摘 要

相比于锂离子电池而言，锂空气电池不仅具有非常高的能量密度，比锂离子电池更轻的质量，同时它的成本也比较低，并且不会对环境造成严重的污染，因此被广泛地认为是一种极具吸引力的电力解决系统。然而，在实际应用中仍有许多问题需要解决，例如过电位高造成的充放电效率低，充电电压大产生Li₂CO₃这种难分解的副产物等。根据已有的文献，本课题的研究将从一个新的角度设计一种铁镍复合材料。通过水热法合成NiO，并在水热过程中掺杂不同量的铁，这会显著影响NiO的生长，使其形成一种多孔的NiO纳米片。这样设计不仅有效地避免了碳和粘结剂相关的寄生反应，而且使排放产物的形成和分解具有极高的可逆性。通过XRD，SEM，XPS分析方法对样品进行了元素成分、样貌形状的预测分析，以及通过对电池容量和循环次数的预测结果可知，掺杂铁的NiO样品比未掺杂的样品具有更好的电化学性能，因此，本课题通过Fe掺杂NiO的合成对新型锂空气电池催化剂的发展有一定的探索作用，相信对于未来锂空气电池技术应用的发展能提供一定的帮助。

关键词：锂空气电池；NiO催化剂；阴极材料

Synthesis of Fe doped NiO and its Application in Lithium Air Battery

ABSTRACT

Compared with ordinary lithium-ion batteries, lithium-air batteries not only have very high energy density and lighter mass than lithium-ion batteries, but also have lower cost and will not cause serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is widely regarded as a very attractive power solution system.However, there are still many problems to be solved in practical application, such as low charge and discharge efficiency caused by high overpotential, high charging voltage resulting in difficult to decompose by-product such as Li₂CO₃, and so on.According to the existing literature, the research of this subject will design a kind of iron-nickel composite from a new point of view. NiO, is synthesized by hydrothermal method and doped with different amounts of iron in the hydrothermal process, which will significantly affect the growth of NiO and form a kind of graded porous NiO nanowires. This design not only effectively avoids the parasitic reaction related to carbon and binder, but also makes the formation and decomposition of emission products highly reversible. Through XRD, SEM, XPS analysis methods, the samples were analyzed for elemental composition, appearance and shape, and the predicted results of battery capacity and cycle times showed that iron-doped NiO samples were better than undoped samples. The electrochemical performance of this subject, therefore, this topic has a certain exploration effect on the development of new lithium-air battery catalysts through the synthesis of Fe-doped NiO. I believe it can provide some help for the future development of lithium-air battery technology applications.

Key Word: Lithium-oxygen battery; NiO catalyst; cathode materials

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2锂空气电池的简介 1

1.2.1 锂空气电池的研究背景 1

1.2.2 锂空气电池的工作原理 2

1.2.3 锂空气电池的分类 3

1.3 锂空气电池空气电极催化剂的介绍 6

1.3.1 碳基催化剂 6

1.3.2贵金属及合金 7

1.3.3 过渡金属氧化物 7

1.4 锂空气电池目前存在的不足 8

1.5 NiO在锂空气电池中的应用 8

1.5.1 NiO的简介 8

1.5.2 NiO的电化学性质 9

1.5.3 改善NiO电化学性能 9

1.6 研究思路 9

第二章 实验方案 10

2.1 实验试剂与实验仪器 10

2.2 实验制备过程 10

2.3 材料表征 11

2.3.1 XRD表征 11

2.3.2 SEM表征 11

2.3.3 XPS表征 12

2.4锂空气电池的性能测试 12

第三章 实验结果与预测分析 14

3.1材料组分表征 14

3.1.1 XRD图谱分析 14

3.1.2 SEM的预测分析 15

3.1.3 XPS的预测分析 15

3.2 电池性能测试 15

3.2.1 电池倍率性能的分析 15

3.2.2 充放电循环性能 16

第四章 期望 17

参考文献 18

致谢 22

第一章 绪论

1.1引言

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