沼气加压水洗过程自动控制系统设计与实现毕业论文
2022-01-08 22:14:25
论文总字数:23377字
摘 要
当今世界处于一个迅速发展的阶段,能源不足的问题愈发严重,环境污染也越来越严重,因此,清洁能源必须大力发展。初始沼气是生物废弃物经过发酵降解生成的一种可燃气体,同时会生成许多杂质,甲烷纯度很低。本文就是针对初始沼气加压水洗过程,进行工艺需求分析、控制方案设计、控制柜体设计、PLC程序实现、监控界面设计等操作,从而设计一个完整的控制系统,实现沼气加压水洗过程自动控制。主要研究内容如下:
- 分析工艺流程。常用的沼气加压水洗流程主要包括缓冲罐,吸收塔,闪蒸塔,解吸塔四个罐子,主要反应在吸收塔中发生。沼气经过加压进入缓冲罐,再次加压进入吸收塔,与吸收液反应,消除杂质,得到纯净的沼气,吸收剂经过闪蒸塔和解吸塔循环利用。
- 根据工艺流程设计控制方案。针对吸收塔温度设计的串级控制,将吸收塔温度设为主被控变量,吸收剂温度设为副被控变量。针对液位设计的前馈-反馈控制,进料流量为前馈量,出料流量为反馈量。其余的便设计一些单回路PID控制。
- 控制柜体设计。进行控制器硬件选型,选择各类仪表和PLC模块。然后根据工艺流程绘制CAD流程控制图,包括电机控制回路、开关阀电气回路、PLC柜体图等。
- 根据设计的控制方案,编写PLC程序。包括串级控制、前馈-反馈控制、单回路PID控制等。然后设计MCGS监控界面,监控控制系统的运行,并使系统稳定运行。
关键词:沼气加压水洗 PLC 自动控制 MCGS
Design and implementation of methane pressurized water
washing control system
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the world is in a stage of rapid development, the problem of energy shortage is more and more serious, and the environmental pollution is more and more serious. Therefore, clean energy must be vigorously developed. The initial biogas is a kind of combustible gas produced by the fermentation and degradation of biological waste, which will generate many impurities at the same time, and the purity of methane is very low. Aiming at the initial process of methane pressurized water washing, this paper analyzes the process requirements, designs the control scheme, the control cabinet, the PLC program and the monitoring interface, so as to design a complete control system and realize the automatic control of methane pressurized water washing process. The main research contents are as follows: (1) Analyze process flow. The commonly used pressure water washing process of biogas mainly includes four tanks, namely buffer tank, absorption tower, flash tower and desorption tower. The main reaction takes place in the absorption tower.It reacts with the absorption liquid to eliminate impurities and get pure biogas. The absorbent is recycled through the flash tower and desorption tower.
(2)Design control plan according to process flow. For the cascade control of the absorber temperature design, the absorber temperature is set as the main controlled variable and the absorber temperature as the secondary controlled variable. For the feed-forward feedback control of the liquid level design, the feed flow is the feed-forward quantity and the discharge flow is the feedback quantity. The rest designs some single loop PID control.
(3) Control cabinet design.Hardware selection, selection of various instruments and PLC modules. Then according to the technological process, the CAD flow control chart is drawn. Then design electrical diagram, including motor control circuit, on-off valve electrical circuit, PLC cabinet diagram, etc.
(4)According to the designed control scheme, the PLC program is compiled. Including cascade control, feedforward feedback control, single loop PID control and so on. Then the MCGS monitoring interface is designed to monitor the operation of the control system and make the system run stably.
Key words: biogas pressurized water washing;PLC;Automatic control;MCGS
目 录
摘 要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1选题背景及意义 1
1.2沼气提纯技术 2
1.2.1加压水洗法 2
1.2.2变压吸附法 3
1.2.3膜分离法 3
1.2.4 生物过滤法 4
1.3本文研究内容与安排 5
1.4本章小结 5
第二章 自动控制方案设计 7
2.1工艺分析 7
2.2吸收塔控制方案 8
2.3闪蒸塔控制方案 11
2.4解析塔控制方案 12
2.5本章小结 13
第三章 自动控制装置设计 14
3.1硬件选型 14
3.1.1 电气选型 14
3.1.2 PLC硬件选型 15
3.1.3仪表选型 16
3.2硬件设计 18
3.2.1电气柜设计 18
3.2.2加压泵电气回路设计 20
3.2.3开关阀电气回路设计 20
3.2.4 PLC控制柜设计 21
3.3本章小结 22
第四章 PLC程序与监控系统的实现 23
4.1 PLC程序 23
4.1.1 信号读取 23
4.1.2 程序实现 23
4.2 监控设计 26
4.2.1 监控界面 26
4.2.2 报警显示 26
4.2.3 数据曲线 28
4.3 本章小结 28
第五章 总结与展望 29
5.1 本文内容总结 29
5.2 系统评价 30
5.3 展望 30
参考文献 31
致谢 34
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