论文总字数：26040字

摘 要

近几年来环境问题越来越受到人们的关注，由于染料行业的高度发展，染料的生产过程中产生的有机废水逐渐成为水体污染的重要原因。因此，寻找一种高效可靠的有机污水处理方法对解决水中有机染料污染问题有重要的意义。本文主要研究方向为PANI/SnO₂/ZnO复合材料的合成及其在有机废水中的光催化性能的研究。

SnO₂是一种稳定且无毒的半导体，有较好的光催化性能，ZnO具有易制备且具有光催化性，但两种材料都存在这禁带宽度大，光电转化效率低的问题，而聚苯胺具有良好的导电性，可以高效地传递电子。本论文为综合三种材料的特点通过将上述三种材料复合利用聚苯胺的特性来提高上述两种半导体的光催化性能。本文通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出SnO₂/ZnO复合材料及纳米ZnO、SnO₂。通过原位化学复合法将半导体复合材料和苯胺均匀地复合，制备出PANI/SnO₂/ZnO、PANI/SnO₂、PANI/ZnO三种复合材料。以上述制备的材料为催化剂，进行有机染料的光催化的测试。结果表明: 通过对各种材料催化染料的性能对比，表明聚苯胺导电率高的特性使得半导体复合材料催化性能有明显的提升。PANI/SnO₂/ZnO纳米复合材料与本文中合成的其他材料相比拥有更好的催化性能，2h内能够将甲基橙的降解86.1%，而对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到67.6%，该复合材料在酸性条件下对甲基橙表现出更好的降解效果，而在碱性条件下对亚甲基蓝的降解效果更佳，PANI/SnO₂/ZnO复合材料的最适Sn/Zn比例为1:1，该材料在保证用量更少前提下，仍有较高的降解效果，表现出一定的应用前景。

关键词：聚苯胺 氧化锡 氧化锌 复合材料 光催化

Abstract

In recent years, environmental problems have caught more and more attention. Due to the high development of the dye industry, organic wastewater generated during the production of dyes has gradually become an important cause of water pollution. Therefore, it is of great importance to find an efficient and reliable organic wastewater treatment method to solve the problem of organic dye pollution in water. The main research direction of this article is the synthesis of PANI/SnO₂/ZnO Nano-composite and its photocatalytic performance in degradation of organic dyestuff.

SnO₂ is not only a stable and non-toxic semiconductor but also a catalyst with good photocatalytic performance. ZnO is easy to prepare and has photocatalytic properties, but both materials have the problems of large band gap and low photoelectric conversion efficiency. Aniline has good conductivity and can efficiently transfer electrons. In this paper, the composite materials are synthesized by combining the above three materials to improve the characteristics of the three materials, and polyaniline are used to improve the photocatalytic performance of the above two semiconductors，due to its conductivity. In this paper, SnO₂/ZnO composite materials and Nano-ZnO, SnO₂ were prepared by sol-gel method. Three composite materials, PANI/SnO₂/ZnO, PANI/SnO₂, and PANI/ZnO, were prepared by in-situ chemical composite method to uniformly compound semiconductor composite materials and aniline. Using the material prepared above as a catalyst, a photocatalytic test of organic dyes was conducted. The results show: The results show that: by comparing the catalytic performance of various materials, the characteristics of polyaniline on the surface make the catalytic performance of semiconductor composites significantly improved. The PANI/SnO₂/ ZnO composite shows better catalytic performance than other materials in this article. 86.1% of the methyl orange is degraded and the degradation rate of methylene blue reaches 67.6% within 2 hours. The composite has better degradation effect of methyl orange under acidic conditions. And under alkaline conditions, it can degrade methylene blue more efficiently. And the optimal Sn/Zn ratio of PANI/SnO₂/ZnO composite material is 1:1. There is still a higher degradation effect with low dosage, so this composite shows a certain application prospect.

Keywords: Photocatalysis；tin oxide；zinc oxide；composite materials；polyaniline

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1染料污染现状及其处理方法 1

1.2光催化降解复合材料 2

1.2.1光催化剂种类 2

1.2.2复合材料复合方式 3

1.2.3聚苯胺复合光催化材料 5

1.3聚苯胺复合材料制备方法 6

1.3.1.原位化学复合法 6

1.3.2共混法 7

1.3.3电化学复合法 7

1.3.4层层自组装 8

1.4本论文研究内容 8

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1实验仪器 10

2.2实验试剂 10

2.3 ZnO、SnO₂及ZnO/SnO₂复合物的制备 11

2.3.1 ZnO的制备 11

2.3.2 SnO₂的制备 11

2.3.3 SnO₂/ZnO复合物的制备 11

2.4聚苯胺及其复合材料的制备 12

2.4.1 PANI的制备 12

2.4.2 PANI/ZnO、PANI/ SnO₂ 及PANI/SnO₂/ZnO的制备 12

2.5光催化实验 12

2.6纳米复合材料的表征 13

2.6.1 XRD分析 13

2.6.2 SEM表征 13

2.6.3 FTIR分析 13

第三章 结果与讨论 14

3.1聚苯胺复合材料光催化效果 14

3.2复合材料的表征分析 15

3.2.1 X射线衍射（XRD）分析 15

3.2.2 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析 16

3.2.3 傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析 17

3.3半导体氧化物配比对催化性能的影响 18

3.4催化的最佳实验条件 19

3.4.1 pH的影响 19

3.4.2 光强的影响 20

3.4.3 催化剂用量的影响 21

3.5 小结 21

第四章 结论与展望 22

4.1结论 22

4.2展望 22

参考文献 23

致谢 27

绪论

1.1染料污染现状及其处理方法

随着染料产业的快速发展，其生产过程中产生的染料废水已经成为造成水体污染的重要原因之一。近17-20％的工业用水污染是由纺织品染色和处理产生的，据报道称目前存在着100,000多种纺织品染料，每年生产染料超过7×10⁵吨，这些染料中约有10–15％在染色过程中被浪费掉^[1]。染料废水数量大、色度大难以脱色且成分复杂，其降解处理是环保领域急需解决的问题。

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