论文总字数：26155字

摘 要

随着这几年我国经济的快速发展，我国的建筑规模也随之增大，尤其是越来越多的高层建筑施工使得塔式起重机的需求变得更加高涨，从而使塔机成为了建筑施工中必不可少的大型机械。因为塔式起重机具有很长的臂架，同时又有着较大的重量，有很大的安全隐患，所以必须通过合理的臂架设计来保证起重机具有正常的承受载荷的能力、良好的稳定性等安全工作的能力。除了臂架之外，附属机构例如起升机构的选型也能够直接影响整个塔机的工作性能。

本文首先总结了一些目前国内外塔式起重机大致的发展概况，然后综合运用了材料力学以及结构力学的知识，同时辅助起重臂、平衡臂的力学模型进行受力分析，分析了塔机在工作过程中的3种主要工况，并且通过对各个工况下的轴力、剪力、弯矩进行计算，再利用这些数据来校核臂架的强度、刚度、稳定性等力学性能，从而得出臂架的设计是否合理。文章的后半部分综合塔机的整体参数对起升机构的各部分进行了选型以及校核，分别确定了电动机、减速器以及制动器的型号。文章末尾部分对此次设计进行了总结以及经济层面的合理性分析。

关键词：塔式起重机 起重臂 平衡臂 起升机构

Design of Jib of TC6513 Tower Crane

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economy in recent years, China's building scale has also increased, especially more and more high-rise building construction makes the demand for tower cranes become more and more high, so that the tower crane has become an indispensable large machinery in construction.However, tower crane has a very long boom, and at the same time has a large weight.There is a great potential safety hazard, so it is essential to make sure that the crane has the ability of normal load bearing, good stability and other safety work through a reasonable boom design. Except the boom, the choice of auxiliary mechanisms like lifting mechanism can also influence the operation of the whole tower crane.

This paper concludes the general situation of the development of tower crane at home and abroad at first, then comprehensively uses the material mechanics and the basic principle of steel structure.At the same time it assists the mechanical model of boom and balance arm to carry out force analysis, analyzes three main working conditions of tower crane in the working process, and analyzes the axial force, shear force and bending under each working condition.The moment is calculated, and then these data are used to check the strength, rigidity, stability and other mechanical properties of the boom, so as to determine whether the design of the boom is reasonable.In the second half of the paper, the overall parameters of the tower crane are integrated to select and check each part of the lifting mechanism, and the models of motor, reducer and brake are determined respectively.At the end of the article, the author summarizes the design and analyzes the rationality of the economic aspect.

Key words: tower crane; Hoist boom; Balance arm; Lifting mechanism

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景及意义 1

1.2 国外塔机的发展 1

1.3 国内塔机的发展 1

第二章 臂架及起升机构的总体设计 3

2.1臂架的设计 3

2.2起升机构的选型 3

第三章 臂架的设计 5

3.1起重臂的结构形式和几何尺寸 5

3.2起重臂的材料及力学特性 6

3.3起重臂的载荷计算 8

3.3.1自重载荷 8

3.3.2移动载荷 9

3.3.3吊臂所受风载荷 10

3.3.4起重臂上的惯性载荷 11

3.3.5物品的偏摆力 11

3.4起重臂架受力计算 12

3.4.1 计算工况与计算模型 12

3.4.2起重平面受力分析 13

3.4.3回转平面受力分析 17

3.5起重臂应力校核 18

3.5.1刚度校核 18

3.5.2 整体稳定性校核 21

3.5.3起重臂单肢强度校核 23

3.5.4销轴的选择与校验 26

3.5.5焊缝强度验算 27

3.5.6高强度螺栓的选择和校核 28

3.6平衡臂的计算 29

3.6.1 平衡臂的构造与几何参数 29

3.6.2 平衡重确定 31

3.6.3 平衡臂受力计算 31

3.6.4 平衡臂刚度、稳定性校核 34

第四章 起升机构的计算与选型 36

4.1钢丝绳的选型 36

4.2卷筒设计 37

4.3电动机计算选型 37

4.4减速器选择 39

4.5制动器选择 39

第五章 总结 41

5.1经济性分析 41

5.2总结与展望 41

参考文献 46

致谢 47

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