HDG100型回转带式干燥机设计毕业论文
2022-01-11 21:19:27
论文总字数:23058字
摘 要
干燥设备又称干燥器和干燥机,是一种用于进行干燥操作的过程装备,通过加热,使物料中的水分或其他可挥发性液体成分汽化逸出,以获得规定含湿量的固体物料。干燥的目的是为了物料的使用或满足进一步加工的需要,不仅如此,干燥后的物料也便于运输和贮存。由于自然干燥远不能满足生产发展的需要,各种机械化干燥器越来越广泛地得到应用。而带式干燥机是干燥设备的一种,带式干燥机由若干个独立的单元段所组成,每个单元段包括循环风机、加热装置、单独或公用的新鲜空气抽入系统和尾气排出系统。带式干燥机操作灵活,湿物料进料、干燥过程在完全密封的箱体内进行,自动化程度高,劳动条件好,避免了粉尘的外泄。带式干燥机的被干燥物料随同输送带移动,物料颗粒间的相对位置比较固定,干燥时间基本相同。带式干燥机非常适用于要求干燥物料色泽变化一致或湿含量均匀的物料干燥。干燥行业虽然是机械行业的一个小小的分支,但是在实际生产中,不管是对工业、农业、化工、材料、都有着重要的推动作用。本课题干燥的物料是农业产品的水稻种子,大批量生产,而且需要全天工作,因此优选选用的是带式干燥设备。其原理是由料斗均匀加入的物料铺放在网带上,并随输送网带向前移动,干燥单元内的热空气通过物料层,使物料脱水。
本课题的带式干燥设备设计的重难点就是整个传动的设计,电机输出传给带传动,再传给减速器,再传给传动轴。由于产量比较大,需要设计多层结构,所以在设计的过程中还要考虑到能够变向的齿轮传动,同向的链传动,等等。在设计之前需要对物料的一些性质充分了解,根据其产量,干燥时间,运行速度,才能对回转带式干燥机的工作原理和机器结构提出正确的方案,从而设计合理的干燥机。
其次,通过对物料的性质分析,确定工艺参数,比如水分、热量衡算、干燥所需的空气量、风机选择等等。
与此同时,本次设计需要CAD软件的参与,使用CAD软件作出二维图,并且不少于6
张A1图纸的大小。
关键词:干燥设备 回转带式 水稻种子干燥
Abstract
Drying equipment, also known as dryer and dryer, is a kind of process equipment used for drying operation. Through heating, the moisture or other volatile liquid components in the material will vaporize and escape to obtain the solid material with specified moisture content. The purpose of drying is to use the materials or meet the needs of further processing. Moreover, the dried materials are also convenient for transportation and storage. Because natural drying is far from meeting the needs of production development, various mechanized dryers are more and more widely used. The belt dryer is a kind of drying equipment. The belt dryer is composed of several independent unit sections, each unit section includes circulation fan, heating device, separate or public fresh air suction system and exhaust gas discharge system. The operation of the belt dryer is flexible, and the wet material feeding and drying process are carried out in a completely sealed box, with high degree of automation and good working conditions, so as to avoid the leakage of dust. The dried material of the belt dryer moves with the conveyor belt, the relative position of the material particles is fixed, and the drying time is basically the same. Belt dryer is very suitable for drying materials with uniform color change or even moisture content. Although the drying industry is a small branch of the machinery industry, it plays an important role in promoting industry, agriculture, chemical industry and materials in actual production. The drying material of this project is the rice seeds of agricultural products, which are produced in large quantities and need to work all day. Therefore, the belt drying equipment is preferred. The principle is that the materials uniformly added by the hopper are laid on the mesh belt, and move forward with the conveyor mesh belt. The hot air in the drying unit passes through the material layer vertically to dehydrate the materials.
The key and difficult point of the design of the belt drying equipment is the design of the whole transmission. The motor output is transmitted to the belt transmission, then to the reducer, and then to the transmission shaft. Due to the large output, it is necessary to design multi-layer structure, so in the design process, it is necessary to consider the gear drive that can change direction, the chain drive in the same direction, and so on. Before the design, we need to fully understand some properties of materials. According to its output, drying time and running speed, we can put forward the correct scheme for the working principle and machine structure of the rotary belt dryer, so as to design a reasonable dryer.
Secondly, through the analysis of material properties, determine the process parameters, such as moisture, heat balance, the amount of air needed for drying, fan selection and so on.
At the same time, this design requires the participation of CAD software, which is used to make two-dimensional drawings, and no less than 6 Size of sheet A1.
Key words: drying equipment;rotating belt type;rice seed drying
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 概述 1
1.1干燥技术概况 1
1.2物料的特性 2
1.2.1物料的状态 2
1.2.2物料的理化性质 2
1.2.3物料与水分相结合的性质 3
1.3干燥技术的发展状况 3
1.4干燥器分类及选型 4
1.4.1分类 4
1.4.2选型 4
第二章 干燥基础 5
2.1湿气体 5
2.1.1相对湿度(RH) 5
2.1.2含湿量 5
2.2湿物料的性质 5
2.2.1湿度 5
2.2.2湿含量 5
2.2.3湿分与物料之间不同的结合方式 6
2.2.4分散度 6
2.3物料衡算与热量衡算 7
2.3.1湿物料中的含水量 7
2.3.2物料衡算 7
2.3.3干燥系统的热量衡算 9
第三章 回转带式干燥机的设计计算 11
3.1设计要求 11
3.2主要参数计算 11
3.2.1物料热平衡 11
3.2.2干燥时间 13
3.2.3干燥带参数 14
3.3电动机选取 15
3.3.1电动机选取 15
3.3.2传动比分配与转矩 16
3.4传动设计 19
3.4.1带传动设计 19
3.4.2齿轮传动设计与校核 22
3.4.3 链传动设计 23
3.4.4轴的设计 25
3.4.5联轴器的选用 26
3.4.6轴承的选用 26
3.5传动校核 26
3.5.1齿轮的校核 26
3.5.2轴的校核 27
3.5.3键的选用与校核 28
3.6风送装置的设计 29
3.7其他设计 30
第四章 经济性与环保措施 31
4.1经济性 31
4.2环保措施 31
寄语 32
参考文献 33
致谢 37
概述
干燥,一个不起眼的工艺,却与人类有着千丝万缕的关系,在造纸术发明的时期,就体现的我国历史上智慧的劳动人民对干燥的理解和需求:造纸术中就包含着干燥技术。新中国成立后,我国计划大力发展工业,但那时候的干燥技术仍然处于国际十分落后的水平,随着干燥需求的不断扩大,国家开始紧张起来,到了20世纪70年代,第一届全国干燥会议(1975.6.23-30)在南京召开,为我国干燥技术的发展锁定了目标。30多年以来,我国干燥技术研究队伍的不断壮大,行业专家深入研究,从传统的手工式以及只依靠自然力量发展到现在的机械化、自动化干燥。干燥设备的大量涌现,干燥机日新月异的发展与应用促进了轻工、化工、医药、食品、粮食、林业、造纸、染料、硅酸盐等行业巨大的发展。从而为我国的发展奠定了重要的基础。
1.1干燥技术概况
干燥技术是自20世纪50年代开始,逐渐地发展壮大起来,对于一些常用的干燥设备,比如:流化床干燥、红外干燥、气流干燥、喷雾干燥、旋转闪蒸干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥等设备,在我国都能生产以供应市场,这方面发映出,基本的需求即基本的干燥设备,我国还是可以自给自足的。对于现在国际流行的新型干燥设备,比如:过热干燥、冲击干燥、对装流干燥、脉动燃烧干燥,我国也已经逐渐的可以独立的开发研究,有一部分可以实现工业化的应用。
干燥器的原理是什么呢?干燥器时通过加热,使物料中的湿分(一般指水分或其他可挥发性液体成分)汽化逸出,以获得规定含湿量的固体物料,从而使物料能够进一步使用或者满足后续加工的需要,不仅如此,干燥后的物料也便于运输和贮存,这是我们干燥最常见的。具体表现在如下几个方面:
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