论文总字数：19807字

摘 要

活性染料于1956年问世，是目前市场上应用最为广泛的染料之一，活性染料可以上染多种纤维，其与纤维之间通过共价键，使染料更容易吸附在纤维上。由于活性染料在染色过程中需要加入电解质或者盐，此过程会产生大量的废水，造成很严重的环境污染，因此开发活性染料的无盐染色技术成为目前人们研究的重点。

阳离子活性染料是目前无盐染色首选的染料，其结构是在活性染料的基础上进行季铵化，引入阳离子基团，这类染料在染液中带正电荷，因而可以解决染料与纤维表面电荷相斥问题，减少染色时盐的使用。

本文以1-氨基蒽醌为染料母体，首先将其进行季铵化改造，然后利用三聚氯氰作为连接基和反应性基团，将四种不同聚合度的聚乙二醇（PEG600,1000,

1500,2000）引入到染料结构中，制备出了四种不同PEG间隔基的Bola型阳离子活性染料。此阳离子活性染料不仅具有较高的水溶性，而且由于其Bola结构，分子中含有2个一氯均三嗪活性基团，提高了其与纤维素之间的反应性。研究结果表明：随着PEG聚醚链段的增加，染料水溶性越来越好。实验表明当间隔基为PEG1000时，染色效果最佳，对染料2进行无盐染色、测其K/S值和最大吸收波长，结果表明：在o.w.f.为35%时，K/S值为7.2，染料的色牢度好，上染率高，但匀染性不好。

关键词：阳离子活性染料，PEG，无盐染色，合成

Synthesis and Properties of Yellow Cationic Reactive Dyes

Abstract

Reactive dyes appeared in 1956. Now, reactive dyes are one of the most widely applied dyes in the market. Reactive dyes can dye up fibers, forming a covalent bond to fix dyes on the fiber. Because electrolytes or salts need to be added in the dyeing process of reactive dyes, a great deal of wastewater will be produced in this process, which will cause pollution of the environment seriously. Therefore, the development of salt-free dyeing technology of reactive dyes has become the focus of current research.

Cationic reactive dyes are currently the preferred dyes for salt-free dyeing. Their structure is quaternized on the basis of reactive dyes, which introduces cationic groups. These dyes are positively charged in the solution. Therefore, they can solve the problem that reactive dyes repel the charges of fibers and reduce the application of salts in the process of dyeing.

In this paper, 1-aminopurine was used as the dye precursor, which was first modified by quaternization. Then, four different degrees of polymerization of polyethylene glycol (PEG600, 1000, 1500, 2000)were introduced into the dye structure, using cyanuric chloride as a linking group and a reactive group. Four kinds of Bola cationic reactive dyes were prepared with different PEG spacer groups. The cationic reactive dye not only had high water solubility, but also had two monochlorotriazine active groups in the molecule due to its Bola structure, which improved the reaction between the cationic reactive dye and cellulose. The results showed that with the increase of PEG polyether chains, the water solubility of dyes increased continuously. The best dyeing effect could be achieved when the spacer group was PEG 1000. The salt-free dyeing experiment of the second dye was carried out,and the K/S value and the maximum absorption wavelength were measured. These results showed that when the dyeing condition of 35%, the K/S value of dye 2

 could reach 7.2.the dye had good color fastness, deep dyeing color, high dyeing uptake, but poor color uniformity.

Key words:Cationic reactive dye, PEG, Salt-free dyeing, Synthesis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1活性染料 1

1.1.1活性染料概述 1

1.1.2活性染料的特点 1

1.1.3活性染料的分类 2

1.1.4活性染料的背景和发展现状 4

1.1.5活性染料无盐染色研究 5

1.2 阳离子活性染料 7

1.2.1阳离子活性染料概述 7

1.2.2阳离子活性染料的分类 7

1.2.3 阳离子活性染料的研究 7

1.3 Bola型表面活性剂 16

1.3.1 Bola型表面活性剂概述 16

1.3.2 Bola型表面活性剂的合成 17

1.4课题设想 18

第二章 实验部分 20

2.1药品和仪器 20

2.1.1药品 20

2.1.2实验仪器 20

2.2实验内容 21

2.2.1实验过程 21

2.2.2 染色工艺 27

第三章 实验结果与讨论 29

3.1产物结构及理化性质 29

3.1.1 1-氨基蒽醌 29

3.1.2阳离子活性染料YCRD2 29

3.2黄色阳离子活性染料的染色性能 30

3.2.1温度，时间对染色性能的影响 30

3.2.2染料用量对染色性能的影响 33

第四章 结论与展望 35

4.1 结论 35

4.2 展望 35

参考文献 36

致谢 40

第一章 文献综述

1.1活性染料

1.1.1活性染料概述

活性染料于1956年问世，Rattee等人研究出一种新型水溶性好的染料，60多年来，活性染料得到了飞速的发展。到目前为止，活性染料已经成为全球第二大染料。活性染料主要应用于棉、麻、丝绸、羊毛等纤维及其混纺织物的染色和印花^[1]。

活性染料的结构通式如图1-1：

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