论文总字数：19435字

摘 要

近年来，膜生物反应器（MBR）由于其优异的处理效果和分离性能，具有广泛的市场和良好的应用前景。MBR创新性地将膜技术和微生物降解技术相结合，相对于传统污水处理工艺具有结构紧凑、出水水质好、易于实现自动化等优点。但是运行过程中的膜污染问题限制了MBR的发展，它会引起膜通量下降，出水水质变差等问题。因此，制备高抗污染的膜产品对MBR推广具有重要意义。

膜污染的影响因素纷繁复杂，本课题主要研究四种不同PVDF膜孔径对膜污染的影响。在相同的操作条件下，比较不同孔径的PVDF中空纤维内衬膜在实验室自制A/O-MBR装置中的污染情况，并探究经MBR系统处理后畜禽废水水质情况。通过实验可知，集中孔径为15 nm、20 nm、26 nm和40 nm膜的临界通量范围分别为20.2 - 23.2 L·m^-2·h^-1、19.5 - 22.7 L·m^-2·h^-1、18.2 - 22.6 L·m^-2·h^-1和13.8 - 18.2 L·m^-2·h^-1，说明小孔径的膜具有更好的抗污染性。通过长期稳定运行结果可以看出，孔径较小的膜TMP上升缓慢运行时间较长，具有更强的抗污染性。经处理过后的废水COD平均去除率在75%以上，氨氮平均去除率在80%以上，表明系统对畜禽养殖废水具有良好的处理效果。

关键词: 聚偏氟乙烯 膜生物反应器 畜禽废水 膜污染

Effect of PVDF membrane pore size on membrane fouling during MBR process

Abstract

In recent years, membrane bioreactors (MBR) have a wide market and good application prospects due to their excellent treatment and separation performance. MBR innovatively combines membrane technology with microbial degradation technology, which has the advantages of compact structure, good effluent quality and easy automation compared to traditional wastewater treatment processes. However, the membrane fouling problem during operation limits the development of MBR, which causes problems such as decreased membrane flux and poor effluent quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the membrane fouling mechanism in membrane bioreactor and to prepare high anti-contamination membrane products for MBR promotion.

The influencing factors of membrane fouling are complicated. This study mainly studies the effects of four different PVDF membrane pore sizes on membrane fouling. Under the same operating conditions, the contamination of PVDF hollow fiber lining membranes with different pore sizes in laboratory-made A/O-MBR devices was compared, and the water quality of livestock and poultry wastewater treated by MBR system was investigated. The experimental results show that the critical flux ranges for the 15 nm, 20 nm, 26 nm and 40 nm membranes are 20.2 - 23.2 L·m ^-2 · h ^-1 , 19.5 - 22.7 L·m ^-2 · h ^{- 1}, 18.2 - 22.6 L·m^-2·h^-1 and 13.8 - 18.2 L·m^-2·h^-1, indicating that the membrane with small pore size has better anti-contamination. It can be seen from the long-term stable operation results that the TMP with a small pore size rises slowly and has a longer running time and is more resistant to pollution. The average removal rate of COD in treated wastewater is above 75%, and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is above 80%, indicating that the system has a good treatment effect on livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.

Key words: Polyvinylidene fluoride; MBR; Livestock wastewater; Membrane fouling

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 PVDF膜简介 1

1.2.1 PVDF膜的性质及特点 2

1.2.2 PVDF内衬膜制备和应用 2

1.3 膜生物反应器 3

1.3.1 MBR的组成和特点 3

1.3.2 MBR的分类 3

1.4 MBR中膜污染的影响因素 3

1.4.1膜的性质 4

1.4.2混合液的性质 4

1.4.3操作条件 4

1.5 课题研究目的与内容 5

第二章 实验内容 6

2.1 实验试剂与仪器 6

2.1.1 实验试剂 6

2.1.2 实验仪器 6

2.2 PVDF膜性能表征 7

2.2.1 膜的形貌表征 7

2.2.2 孔径分布测试 7

2.2.3膜孔隙率测试 8

2.2.4阻力分析 8

2.3 膜生物反应器试验装置设计 9

2.4 膜生物反应器试验内容 10

2.4.1 实验用水 10

2.4.2 污泥培养 11

2.4.3 膜生物反应器中临界通量研究 11

2.4.4 膜生物反应器稳定性试验 12

第三章 实验结果与讨论 13

3.1 膜性能表征数据 13

3.1.1 孔径分布 13

3.1.2 膜的形貌表征和孔隙率 14

3.2 临界通量 14

3.3 活性污泥培养 15

3.4 TMP变化趋势 16

3.5 阻力分析 17

3.6 产水水质分析 18

第四章 结论与展望 19

4.1 结论 19

4.2 展望 19

参考文献 20

致谢 23

第一章 文献综述

1.1 引言

近年来，分离膜的应用领域不断扩大，膜分离技术已经成为了分离界的一种主流技术^[1-2]。在工业过程中使用膜技术具有许多显著的优点，例如没有相变或化学添加剂、操作简单、能耗低、分离效率高且易于实现自动化等，因此膜分离技术在水处理、气体净化、食品加工、制药工业、环境保护等方面都得到了广泛的应用^[3]。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：19435字