论文总字数：22307字

摘 要

测量和表征技术的不断提高，推动着纳米科学和纳米技术的高速发展，宏观的物理或化学应用在纳米尺度上逐渐得以实现，例如纳米搅拌棒^[1]、纳米传感器^[2]、纳米机器人^[3]、碳纳米管^[4]等。用纳米材料制作的器材具有重量更轻、硬度更强、寿命更长、维修费更低、操作更简单、设计更方便等一系列优点。尽管如此，对于纳米尺度上的这些材料来说，结构还是相对比较单一的，这会导致其功能的有限性，想要实现纳米材料在更多方面的应用，必须扩展结构的多样性。合成能力的高低决定着纳米材料结构的复杂程度，我们希望通过发展新的合成路径提高合成能力，增加现有纳米材料的复杂结构，提高其性能以实现更多应用。在本文的工作中，我们将主要侧重于对结构的改善，采用种子生长法^[5]在纳米搅拌棒周围包覆生长氧化硅，然后通过离子掺杂的选择性刻蚀机理，选用具有催化活性的金属离子（如Pd、Mg、Cu等）刻蚀掉纳米搅拌棒氧化硅包覆层内层区域，形成以Fe₃O₄纳米搅拌棒为核，氧化硅包覆层为壳的纳米中空结构。通过控制变量法，继续探究纯化分离的次数、刻蚀温度以及刻蚀时间对于纳米中空结构氧化硅壳层的影响。

本实验中合成的氧化硅包覆纳米搅拌棒的中空结构，具有体积小、化学稳定性好、搅拌速率高、可重复利用、操作简单等优点，再加上其核/壳结构的特殊性以及氧化硅选择性渗透的性质，可被用于催化剂的负载、药物靶向运输以及微观反应体系中扩散速率的研究。

关键词: 纳米搅拌棒 氧化硅 中空结构 催化剂

Synthesis of Nano Stir Bars@Silica Yolk-shell Structure and The Loading of Catalysts Inside

Abstract

The continuous improvement of measurement and characterization technology has promoted the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Macroscopic physical or chemical applications have been gradually realized on the nanometer scale, such as nano-stirring bar, semiconductor nanosensor, nano robot, carbon nanotube and so on. The equipment made of nano materials has a series of advantages such as lighter weight, stronger hardness, longer life, lower maintenance cost, simpler operation and more convenient designment. However, for these materials on the nanometer scale, the structure is relatively simple, which leads to the limited function of the material. To realize the application of nanomaterials in more aspects, it is necessary to expand the diversity of the structure. The level of synthesis strategy determines the complexity of nanomaterial structure. We hope to improve the synthesis ability by developing new synthetic pathways, increase the complex structure of existing nanomaterials, and improve its property to achieve more applications. In the work of this paper, we will mainly focus on the improvement of the structure, using the seed growth method to coat and grow silica around the nano-stirring bars, and then select the catalytically active metal ion (such as Pd, Mg, Cu, etc.) by the selective etching mechanism of ion doping to etch away the inner layer region of silica to form a nano-hollow structure with a Fe₃O₄ nano-stirring bars as the core and a silica coating layer as the shell. Through the control variable method, the influence of the number of purification and separations, the etching temperature and the etching time on the nano-hollow structure silica shell layer is continuously explored.

  The hollow structure of the silica-coated nano-stirring bars synthesized in this experiment has the advantages of small volume, good chemical stability, high stirring rate, good reusability, simple operation, etc., plus the particularity of its core/shell structure and the properties of silica selective permeation, they can be used for catalyst loading, drug targeted transport, and diffusion rate studies in microscopic reaction systems.

Key words: nano-stirring bars silica hollow structure catalyst

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract I

目 录 II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2 纳米搅拌棒 1

1.2.1 纳米搅拌棒简介 1

1.2.2 纳米搅拌棒用于宏观反应 1

1.2.3 纳米搅拌棒用于微观体系 4

1.3 氧化硅中空纳米结构 7

1.3.1 模板法 7

1.3.2 自模板法 7

1.4 本论文主要研究工作 9

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 药品试剂 10

2.2 仪器设备 11

第三章 Fe₃O₄纳米搅拌棒的制备 12

3.1 引言 12

3.2 实验步骤 12

3.3 样品制备 12

3.4 结果与讨论 13

3.4.1 表征 13

3.4.2 形貌 13

3.4.3 磁性测定 13

3.4.4 搅拌测试 13

3.5 本章小结 14

第四章 空心纳米搅拌棒的制备 15

4.1 引言 15

4.2 实验步骤 15

4.2.1 纳米搅拌棒的包覆 15

4.2.2 纯化分离 15

4.2.3 刻蚀 15

4.3 结果与讨论 16

4.3.1 纳米搅拌棒的包覆机理 16

4.3.2 纯化分离对氧化硅的影响 16

4.3.3 刻蚀条件对氧化硅的影响 18

4.3.4 中空纳米搅拌棒的搅拌测试 18

4.4 本章小结 20

第五章 结论与展望 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 25

第一章 绪论

1.1 前言

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：22307字