论文总字数：13709字

摘 要

随着社会的发展，环境污染问题也越发严重，其中就包括了石油污染，而在石油污染中危害最大的就是多环芳烃了。西方国家对多环芳烃的治理研究始于上世纪40年代，我国也在上世纪70-80年代开始了相关方面的研究。在多种多环芳烃治理方法中，生物修复法与其他处理方法相比具有价格较低，操作更简单，不容易产生二次污染的优点，具有非常广阔的研究应用前景。在受石油污染的土壤中被发现含有多种微生物，他们的存在对石油的降解起着重要作用。研究发现植物与根际微生物的联合修复作用效果更好，植物根系能为微生物提供一个非常适宜其生存的环境，而且植物根系还能分泌许多物质，有利于微生物的生长繁殖。植物的根系分泌物中包含许多小分子有机酸，但目前我们尚不清楚植物分泌的具体有机酸是什么，以及具体的作用机制。因此，此次实验我们向受石油污染的土壤中加入柠檬酸，草酸，戊二酸，腐殖酸，吐温，蒸馏水，并测定不同天数后的原油降解率，土壤酶活性。实验结果显示，有机酸能够能够增强土壤过氧化氢酶，脲酶活性，对土壤石油污染具有良好的修复作用。

关键词：石油污染 多环芳烃 生物修复 有机酸

Effect of organic acid on the function of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria

ABSTRACT

With the development of society, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, including oil pollution, among which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the most harmful. Western countries began their research on the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the 1940s, and China also started relevant research in the 1970s and 1980s. Among various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon treatment methods, bioremediation method has the advantages of lower price, simpler operation and less secondary pollution compared with other treatment methods, and has very broad research and application prospects. Many microorganisms are found in the soil polluted by oil. Plant roots can provide a very suitable environment for microorganisms to survive, and plant roots can also secrete many substances, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The root exudates of plants contain many small molecular organic acids. However, at present, we do not know what specific organic acids are secreted by plants and their specific functions. Therefore, in this experiment we added citric acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, humic acid, tween and distilled water to the oil contaminated soil, and measured the degradation rate of crude oil and soil enzyme activity after different days. The experimental results show us that,Organic acids can enhance soil catalase and urease activities and have good remediation effect on soil oil pollution.

Key words: Oil pollution Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Bioremediation Organic acid

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 文献综述…………………………………………………………………1

1.1多环芳烃污染概况…………………………………………………………1
1.2多环芳烃治理方法及相关机理……………………………………………3

1.2.1多环芳烃治理方法之间的比较……………………………………3

1.2.2微生物法降解多环芳烃的机理……………………………………4

1.2.3植物-微生物联合降解多环芳烃研究………………………………5

1.2.4单菌和混菌对降解多环芳烃的区别研究…………………………5
1.3 影响微生物分解效率的相关因素…………………………………………6

1.4 本论文研究目的及意义……………………………………………………6

第二章 有机酸对土壤原油降解的影响……………………………………7

2.1 试剂与仪器…………………………………………………………………7

2.2 实验方法……………………………………………………………………7

2.2.1土壤样品处理………………………………………………………7

2.2.2样品分组及取样……………………………………………………7

2.2.3原油降解率的测定…………………………………………………8

2.3 实验结果及讨论…………………………………………………………8

第三章 有机酸对多环芳烃降解菌群影响…………………………………9

3.1试剂与仪器…………………………………………………………………9

3.2酶活性测定实验……………………………………………………………9

3.2.1土壤过氧化氢酶酶活检测…………………………………………9

3.2.2土壤脲酶酶活检测…………………………………………………9

3.2.3 酶活计算…………………………………………………………10

3.3实验结果…………………………………………………………………10

3.3.1土壤过氧化氢酶酶活……………………………………………10

3.3.2土壤脲酶酶活……………………………………………………11

3.4结论………………………………………………………………………12

第四章 总结与展望……………………………………………………………13

4.1全文总结…………………………………………………………………13

4.2展望………………………………………………………………………13

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………14

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………16

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