ACS-2吸附脱除H2S和SO2工艺研究毕业论文
2022-01-29 20:30:22
论文总字数:19590字
摘 要
克劳斯(Claus)反应是工业常用脱除H2S回收硫磺的方法,由于其受热力学平衡限制,除含约30 vol.%水汽及较高浓度的CO2(约8 vol.%)外,尾气中仍然存在1-2 vol.%的硫化物,其主要成分为H2S与SO2。随着国家环保要求提高,对尾气排放标准限制更加严格。本文采用模拟Claus尾气,通过自制ACS-2吸附剂脱除其中的H2S与SO2,分别考察了吸附温度、进料水汽含量、进料空速和氧/硫比对ACS-2脱硫性能的影响;采用N2吸附/脱附等温线、FT-IR和XPS等方法对脱硫前后的ACS-2进行表征。结果表明,在原料气中H2S浓度为2 vol.%,SO2浓度为1 vol.%,CO2浓度为8 vol.%,其余为N2的条件下,ACS-2脱除H2S与SO2适宜的工艺条件为吸附温度80 ℃,进料空速500 h-1,水汽含量30 vol.%,氧/硫比为2,ACS-2吸附穿透硫容达到303.0 mg S/g ads;ACS-2的0.9 nm左右的微孔起主要脱硫作用,H2S和SO2在ACS-2表面吸附后转化为吸附态的H2S和SO2并发生Claus反应,在ACS-2微孔孔道内生成单质硫;同时吸附态的H2S和SO2与ACS-2表面的氧自由基反应生成单质S和SO3,SO3与水汽接触后生成硫酸。
关键词:ACS-2 H2S SO2 吸附穿透硫容
Adsorption and removal process of ACS-2 for H2S and SO2
ABSTRACT
Claus is a common method of recovering sulfur from H2S. Due to the constraint of thermodynamic equilibrium, there is still 1-2vol.% H2S and SO2 in Claus tail gas, and the exhaust gas also contains 30 vol.% water vapor and high concentration of CO2 ( for about 8 vol.%). With the improvement of national environmental protection requirements, China has tightened restrictions on emissions standards of tail gas. In this paper, Self-made ACS-2 adsorbents for removing H2S and SO2 in simulated Claus tail gas are used. Adsorption temperature, water vapor content and space velocity of the feed and the ratio of oxygen/sulfur on adsorption performance of ACS-2 were studied. Meanwhile, the fresh and the exhausted ACS-2 were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption/stripping, FT-IR and XPS. Results show that H2S concentration is 2 vol. %, SO2 concentration is 1 vol. %, CO2 concentration is 8 vol. % and the rest gas is N2, the optimum removing conditions of ACS-2 adsorbent for H2S and SO2 are adsorption temperature is 80 ℃, space velocity of feed is 500 h-1, the content of water vapor is 30 vol. %, the ratio of oxygen/sulfur is 2, breakthrough sulfur capacity of ACS-2 for H2S and SO2 is 303.0mg S/g ads. The micropores around 0.9nm of ACS-2 played a major role in desulfurization process. After adsorption, H2S and SO2 are converted into adsorptive H2S and SO2, Claus reaction and then generate the elemental sulfur in the micropores of ACS-2. At the same time, adsorptive H2S and SO2 react with oxygen free radicals on the surface of ACS-2 to form S and SO3, then SO3 with water vapor form sulfuric acid.
KEYWORDS: ACS-2; H2S; SO2; breakthrough sulfur capacity
目录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 概 述 1
1.1 背景 1
1.2 硫回收装置尾气脱硫工艺研究进展 1
1.2.1 SCOT工艺 1
1.2.2 超级克劳斯工艺 2
1.3 相关吸附剂研究现状 3
1.3.1 金属氧化物 4
1.3.2 活性炭 4
1.3.3 SiC 5
1.4 本文主要研究内容 5
第2章 实 验 6
2.1 实验主要原料及试剂 6
2.2 主要仪器和设备 6
2.3 模拟Claus尾气在ACS-2吸附脱硫实验 6
2.3.1 动态吸附脱硫过程 7
2.3.2 实验步骤及数据处理 7
2.4 吸附剂表征方法 8
2.4.1 比表面积、孔容和孔径分布测定 8
2.4.2 红外光谱分析 8
2.4.3 X射线光电子能谱分析 8
第3章 结果与讨论 9
3.1 ACS-2吸附脱除H2S/SO2工艺 9
3.1.1 吸附温度 9
3.1.2 体积空速 10
3.1.3 水汽含量 10
3.1.4氧/硫比 11
3.2 ACS-2脱硫吸附剂表征 12
3.2.1 N2吸附/脱附表征比表面积及孔结构 13
3.2.2 FT-IR表征活性炭表面官能团变化 14
3.3.3 XPS表征ACS-2表面元素形态(S 2p图谱分析) 15
第4章 结论与展望 17
4.1 结论 17
4.2 展望 17
参考文献 18
致 谢 20
第1章 概 述
1.1 背景
随着近年来国家对工业企业的环保监督力度加大以及相关法律法规的完善,工厂尤其是重工业工厂排污是否符合国家标准便成了全社会所共同关注的热点问题,其中工厂排污中尤以含H2S废气的排放对环境影响最大,现阶段工厂对硫磺的回收处理手段主要是通过克劳斯工艺装置进行处理。尽管克劳斯装置是现阶段较为成熟的硫磺回收装置,但是仍存在能耗大,操作费用高等问题。除此之外克劳斯装置尾气成分复杂,由于Claus反应平衡的影响,其中一些反应受到限制,导致剩余成分除了H2S和SO2外,硫蒸汽、COS和CS2也存在其中,而在制硫酸气中的烃类和CO,则是尾气中含有COS和CS2的主要原因[1]。
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