论文总字数：20780字

摘 要

随着社会的进步与发展，人们对自身的生活环境越来越重视，对我们赖以生存的空气环境也越发关注。但是近年来，我国的空气质量越来越差，雾霾现象频频发生，严重影响了人们日常的生产生活。而多孔陶瓷作为一种气固分离技术，可以对上述出现的问题从源头上解决。但是按照以往的应用情况来看，多孔陶瓷对PM_2.5的过滤效果相当差，于是就需要我们对其表面进行修饰，从而对过滤精度进行调整，但同时又要对修饰后的陶瓷片的过滤阻力以及循环再生性能进行考察。

实验的研究内容如下：1.对三种不同原料制备的膜层进行了强度测试，发现氧化铝粉制成的膜层比SiO₂纤维制成的膜层强度要高，且随着水玻璃含量的增加，每种粉料的强度均成上升趋势。2.对不同原料成膜后的过滤阻力进行了测量，发现SiO₂短纤维膜层的过滤阻力上升的最小，0.1微米氧化铝膜层的过滤阻力增加的最大。3.研究了不同浆料固含量对膜层过滤性能的影响，两种氧化铝粉的过滤阻力都随固含量增加而上升，而滤后含尘量则下降，但效果均没有SiO₂的效果好。4.对三种膜层的循环再生性能进行了评判，SiO₂的效果最好。

关键词：氧化铝膜 气固分离 多孔陶瓷 烘干 水玻璃浓度

Preparation and Performance Test of Gas-solid Separation Ceramic Membrane

Abstract

With the progress and development of society, people are paying more and more attention to their own living environment and they are paying more attention to the air environment on which we live. However, in recent years, the air quality in our country has become worse and worse, haze phenomenon has occurred frequently, which has seriously affected people's daily production and life. As a kind of gas-solid separation technology, porous ceramics can solve the above-mentioned problems from the source. However, according to previous applications, porous ceramics have a rather poor filtration effect on PM_2.5. Therefore, we need to revise the surface of the porous ceramic to adjust the filtration accuracy, but at the same time, the filtration resistance and cycle regeneration performance of the modified ceramic sheet should be examined.

The experimental research contents are as follows: 1. The strength of the film prepared from three different raw materials was tested, and it was found that the film made of alumina powder has higher strength than the film made of SiO₂ fibers, and with the increase of water glass content, the strength of each powder is increasing. 2. The filtration resistance after the film formation of different raw materials was measured. It was found that the filtration resistance of the SiO₂ short fiber film layer was the smallest, and the filtration resistance of the 0.1 micron aluminum oxide film layer was the largest. 3. The effects of solid content of different slurries on the filtration performance of the membrane were studied. The filtration resistance of the two alumina powders increased as the solid content increased, and the dust content after filtration decreased, but the effect was not as good as that of SiO₂. 4. The cyclic regeneration performance of the three membrane layers was evaluated and the SiO₂ was the best.

Keywords: Alumina membrane；Gas-solid separation；Porous ceramics；Drying；Water glass concentration

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1气固分离发展现状 1

1.1.1几种过滤除尘器的对比 1

1.1.2陶瓷过滤器的优点 2

1.2陶瓷过滤器的介绍 3

1.2.1陶瓷过滤器的结构 3

1.2.2陶瓷过滤器的影响因素 4

1.3陶瓷膜的制备方法 6

1.3.1固态粒子烧结法[22] 6

1.3.2溶胶凝胶法[24] 6

1.3.3化学气相沉积法 7

1.4镀膜方法 7

1.4.1浸渍提拉法 7

1.4.2 旋转涂覆法 8

1.4.3 喷涂法 9

1.5该课题的提出与研究内容 9

第二章 实验与测试方法 11

2.1实验原料 11

2.2实验主要设备 11

2.3材料的制备工艺 12

2.4材料的测试方法及表征方法 13

2.4.1膜层强度 13

2.4.2过滤阻力 13

2.4.3循环再生性能 13

2.4.4滤后气体含尘量 14

第三章 实验数据与结果分析 15

3.1不同原料对成膜后过滤阻力的影响 15

3.2不同水玻璃含量对膜层强度的影响 15

3.3不同浆料固含量对膜过滤性能的影响 17

3.4循环再生性能 20

第四章 实验结论 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第一章 绪论

现如今，社会的进步与发展，使人们对自身生活的环境重视程度越来越高，于是对我们赖以生存的空气环境也越发关注。但是近年来，我国的空气质量越来越差，雾霾现象频频发生，严重影响了人们日常的生产生活。影响空气质量的因素主要有各种有害气体例如NO₂，SO₂等，以及空气中漂浮的粉尘。由于这些粉尘会严重影响人们的身体健康，所以在重工业的生产过程中气-固分离是一个必不可少的过程，尤其是对其产生的大量高温含尘气体。但为了更好的实现节能减排，传统的除尘器由于效率和能耗等问题在使用中便会出现许多问题。但是陶瓷材料由于其自身的一些优良的特点，比如耐高温、良好的耐腐蚀性、机械强度高、较好的热稳定性等性质，已经在高温烟气除尘这一方面被普遍应用。现如今，与传统的除尘技术相比，陶瓷分离膜这一技术尚未成熟，在实际的工业应用中还有许多的问题急需我们去解决。为了将陶瓷过滤器更好地推广出去，我们急需寻找到价格低廉但又能够符合实际需求的材料以及研究出简便的制备工艺。接下来就该课题的研究内容做简要介绍。

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