论文总字数：12681字

摘 要

一国《婚姻法》关系着千千万万个社会细胞的稳定，离婚法定理由是《婚姻法》的核心内容，是国家公权力对公民婚姻生活的一种约束，也是对我国公民婚姻合法权利的保障，更是法院裁判案件的依据。我国《婚姻法》经过1950年，1980年，1994年和2001年四次修订和修改，目前主张破裂主义和无过错原则，采用例示主义的立法方式，确定了以夫妻双方感情破裂为标准的离婚法定理由基础。然而，随着社会的发展，公民对幸福等个体意识的追求，离婚案件本身的复杂性，法律不可避免的滞后性等因素的影响，我国目前实行的《婚姻法》也面临着诉讼离婚时间长，解决婚姻关系难等问题。当前我国离婚率不断上升，人们对幸福的定义多变，世界各族人民交往结婚更加频繁，我国现行的《婚姻法》和离婚法定理由是否还能继续顺应当前家庭与社会的发展呢？笔者希望通过文中对离婚法定理由的介绍和研究，提出相应的建议来解决当前我国《婚姻法》中存在的问题，对我国婚姻制度提供更有效的法律保护，进而保障公民的合法权益并推动中国家庭婚姻的健康发展。

关键词： 离婚 法定理由 问题与完善

An Analysis of the Causes of Statutory Divorce in the Divorce Law of Our Country

Abstract

The divorce law of a country relates to the stability of thousands upon thousands of social cells. The legal grounds for divorce is the core of marriage law. It stands for a kind of state power which binds people’s marriage life. Besides, it protects people’s marriage legitimate interests and gives legal reasons for judging cases. The marriage law in China was amended and edited in 1950, 1980, 1994 and 2001. Now, it advocates the doctrine of rupture doctrine and the principle no-fault.This marriage law also confirms at the basis of legal grounds for divorce whose main principle is the broken marriage relationship by means of listing and generalizing stipulation. However, under the influence of various factors, such as the rapid development of society, the sophisticated situations of divorce cases and the unavoidable lag of law, the present marriage law has a lot of problems including a lag period for litigation divorce relationships and people of all ethnic groups in the world marry more frequently.

This dissertation is aimed at analyzing whether the legal grounds for divorce could cater for the needs of reality in China when the divorce rate in China is increasing annually, people’s definition of happiness is volatile, and people of all ethnic groups in the world intercourse and marry more frequently. Through introducing and analyzing the legal grounds for divorce, the author provides several suggestions and hopes they are able to solve the existing problems of divorce law, which can provide more effective legal protections for the marriage law, as well as interests of citizens, and propel the healthy development of Chinese family marriage.

Key Words:Divorce；Evaluation on legal justification；Problems and improvement

目录

摘要 I

英文摘要 II

一、资本主义国家的离婚法定理由分析 1

(一）离婚法定理由的含义与作用 1

（二）英国离婚法定理由分析 1

（三）美国离婚法定理由分析 1

（四）澳大利亚离婚法定理由分析 2

二、我国现行离婚法定理由特点分析 3

（一）我国离婚法定理由的立法主义 3

（二）离婚法定理由是绝对的离婚理由 3

（三）例示主义的立法方式和列举性规定 4

（四）适用无过错离婚原则 5

三、我国离婚法定理由存在的问题 5

（一）缺乏对不愿意离婚一方的救济保护 6

（二）将“感情破裂”视为离婚法定理由的基础 6

（三）不适应我国涉外离婚的实际情况 6

（四）离婚损害赔偿的不完善 7

四、完善我国离婚法定理由的建议 7

（一）设置离婚缓和条款等阻却离婚事由 7

（二）将婚姻关系破裂作为离婚法定标准 7

（三）完善涉外婚姻有效性 7

（四）健全离婚损害赔偿制度 8

结语 10

参考文献 11

致谢 12

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