论文总字数：30630字

摘 要

随着我国工业化进程加快，每年产生的化工污泥数量巨大，而且还以很快的增长速度增加。由于污泥处理技术的限制，高额的污泥处理费用，以及环境意识的薄弱，使得很多化工污泥未经无害化处理就排放到大自然中。如果化工污泥得不到有效的无害化、减量化处理，将危害环境，严重将导致重大的环境安全事故，对人体健康、社会和谐与大自然稳定造成严重威胁。在污泥的资源化利用处理时，污泥吸附了水体中的绝大部分重金属污染物，这些重金属不但直接影响到污泥的资源化利用，且处理不当会对环境造成“二次污染”。因此本论文对化工污泥基的重金属稳定化进行了研究。

本课题将以取自南通市某企业的含重金属的化工污泥为原料，添加氧化钙、氧化镁、沸石等不同的重金属稳定剂，添加粘土为辅料，所有原料都要经过粉碎。将化工污泥与不同的稳定剂在不同的比例下混合养护，然后手工捏成小球，然后烘干、预热、烧结等工艺烧制成品，在950℃到1150℃之间高温烧结，制成陶粒。取样通过重金属全量消解分析和重金属的毒性浸出试验，对6种（Cu、Cr、Fe、Pb、Ni、Cd）重金属含量进行测定分析。研究重金属稳定剂对各种重金属的稳定率，开发出具有普适性的重金属稳定剂以及烧结工艺参数。得出最佳配比烧结方法是化工污泥占35%、氧化钙和氧化镁各占3%、沸石占4%、粘土55%。

金属离子全量浸出实验，用强酸性浸取剂，采用王水加高氯酸法对样品进行全量消解。金属离子浸出毒性测定，采用美国环境保护局制订的TCLP毒性浸出法测定污泥中重金属浸出毒性。

本论文也将研究了免烧法和烧结法两种工艺制备污泥基填料，对不同工艺进行量化分析。采用单因素实验，确定制备工艺参数等，进而检测、分析、对比了所制备填料的性能。最终确定了在105℃烘干1h，在350℃下预热，预热时间为20min，再以18-22℃/min升温，在以1150℃高温烧结，焙烧时间为20min的最佳制陶粒工艺。

本论文的研究结果对化工污泥的重金属稳定化处理技术提供了一种可行的处理技术，对化工污泥的资源化处理提供了一条新的路径，对减少以及消除重金属的环境污染有一定的实用意义。

关键词：化工污泥、重金属、稳定化

ABSTRACT

With the acceleration of China's industrialization process, The number of chemical sludge produced every year is huge, and it is increasing at a very rapid rate.Due to the limitation of the sludge treatment technology, the high cost of sludge treatment, as well as the weak environmental awareness. Make a lot of chemical sludge without harmless treatment is discharged into the nature. If the chemical sludge is not effective harmless, reduction treatment, will harm the environment, serious will lead to significant environmental safety accidents, human health, social harmony and stability of nature caused a serious threat. In the sludge resource utilization, sludge adsorption of water in the vast majority of heavy metals pollutants, heavy metals in these affects not only the sludge resource utilization, and improper handling will cause secondary pollution to the environment ".So this thesis aimed at studying the stabilization of heavy metals in chemical sludge.

This topic will be taken from the Nantong municipal wastewater treatment center of chemical sludge as raw materials, adding calcium oxide, Magnesium Oxide, zeolite and other different heavy metal stabilizers, adding clay as accessories, All raw materials must be crushed. The chemical sludge and different stabilizers are mixed in different proportions. Then hand into a small ball, and then drying, preheating, sintering and other processes to burn finished. Sintered at high temperature between 950 ℃and 1150℃，Sampling by heavy metal total digestion analysis and heavy metal toxicity leaching test, The heavy metal content of 6 kinds (Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd) were determined and analyzed. To study the stability of heavy metal stabilizers to various kinds of heavy metals, to develop a kind of heavy metal stabilizer and sintering process parameters. It is concluded that the best proportion of sintering process is 35% of chemical sludge, 3% of calcium oxide and Magnesium Oxide, 4% of zeolite and 55% of clay.

The amount of metal ions from leaching experiment, leaching agent with strong acid, the samples were all digested by aqua regia heightening chlorate method. Toxicity determination of metal ion leaching toxicity of heavy metals in sewage sludge was determined by the TCLP toxicity leaching method established by the environmental protection agency of the United States.

This paper will study the burning method and sintering process of two kinds of preparation of sludge based filler, to make quantitative analysis of different process. Single factor experiments. and then to detect and analyze the properties of the prepared fillers. Finally determined at 105 C drying 1H at 350 degrees Celsius, the preheating time for the 20min, and then to 18-22 degrees /min heating up, in order to 1150 degrees high temperature sintering, baking time for the 10min of the best ceramic technology.

The results of this paper provide a feasible treatment technology for heavy metal stabilization treatment of chemical sludge. It provides a new path for the treatment of chemical sludge, which is of practical significance to reduce and eliminate the heavy metal pollution.

KEYWORDS: chemical sludge, heavy metals, stabilization

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 化工污泥的来源以及危害 1

1.2 污泥的处理方式 2

1.2.1 卫生填埋 2

1.2.2 焚烧处理 2

1.2.3 填海 3

1.2.4 土地利用 3

1.3 污泥综合利用 4

1.3.1 污泥的能源化利用 4

1.3.2 污泥的材料化利用 5

1.4污泥中的重金属 7

1.4.1 重金属的来源 7

1.4.2 污泥中重金属的危害 8

1.5 污泥中重金属的处理方式及研究现状 9

1.5.1 污泥中重金属的去除方法 9

1.5.2 污泥中重金属的稳定化/固化方法 10

1.6 本论文的研究背景、目的和主要内容 11

1.6.1研究背景及意义 11

1.6.2 研究目的和内容 11

1.6.3 研究路线 12

1.7 论文创新点 12

第二章 化工污泥基性质和填料制备 13

2.1 化工污泥基性质 13

2.1.1 含水率测定 13

2.1.2 pH测定 13

2.2 最佳烧结工艺的确定 14

2.2.1单因素试验 14

2.3 污泥基填料的制备 16

2.3.1 造粒原料 16

2.3.2 烧结原理 16

2.3.3 实验填料掺料参数的确定 17

2.3.4 制备流程 18

2.4 小结 19

第三章 污泥基重金属稳定化研究 21

3.1 重金属总量分析 21

3.1.1 实验药剂和器材 21

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：30630字